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- 9:31 Dh O N ll 97% 20220331_200252.jpg Phoblims 84 In Drovphila a chros was made buetween females ell enprening the 3X- linkage, recuesive thaits, Slut bristus (sc), Scale body (5) and vermillion eye (v) and wild type males. On the FI, ell femalis cuere wild type whil all mals enprunid ell the matonttraits. The Chos was labrid to the F2 generation Ond 1000 offspring were countid arith resalt shoued beloo: Phonatype Se S V Set st yt. Set s v- Sc st v+ Sc st v Sct s vt. s vt. 314 280 156 46 30 10 14 Sc sct st v- To00 Uing the nommelature, detumine genatyps of Pond Fl patnt. D Osder f genes ond mapdistonce. 9 Aru there moto or fuver double crou thon onfectid D aleulate the Caeffeicint of Coincidence. 62 Femole hutrazygous for ehony le/e), searlit (st"/st) end spineles sst/ss) were itest chomud ord the following F praginy wrere olitainid:- Preginy Phenolypt Wild type e st ss - et st ss.- 67 8. 68 347 Spiniless - e st sst Scarlt fineles - e st so Ebony Ebony seorlet- ct set ss Ehgrny…The life cycle of the haploid fungus Ascobolus is similar tothat of Neurospora. A mutational treatment producedtwo mutant strains, 1 and 2, both of which when crossedwith wild type gave unordered tetrads, all of the followingtype (fawn is a light brown color; normally, crosses produce all black ascospores):spore pair 1 black spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 black spore pair 4 fawna. What does this result show? Explain.The two mutant strains were crossed. Most of the unordered tetrads were of the following type:spore pair 1 fawn spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 fawn spore pair 4 fawnb. What does this result suggest? Explain.When large numbers of unordered tetrads were screenedunder the microscope, some rare ones that containedblack spores were found. Four cases are shown here:Case A Case B Case C Case Dspore pair 1 black black black blackspore pair 2 black fawn black abortspore pair 3 fawn fawn abort fawnspore pair 4 fawn fawn abort fawn(Note: Ascospores with extra genetic material…11:52 and ry bod es loc he al alle omi Tomo tted es, wh Show cemplete nis ne n the type ratios for each generatio pes an Other problems: How do you know the genotype of organisms with a dominant phenotype? Is it homozygous or heterozygous? 8. A pea plant exhibits a purple color, but you are unsure of its genotype. With what could you cross this plant to determine its genotype? Show all of your work for the cross. What is this type of cross called? Incomplete dominance: Genes code for the production of specific proteins, many of which are enzymes. Different alleles at a locus code for alternative forms of a protein that differ in structure and when the protein is an enzyme, often have different degrees of catalytic activity. Therefore, a heterozygote genotvpe produces an intermediate phenotype.
- In a haploid yeast strain, eight recessive mutationswere found that resulted in a requirement for theamino acid lysine. All the mutations were found to revert at a frequency of about 1 × 10−6 except mutations5 and 6, which did not revert. Matings were madebetween a and α cells carrying these mutations. Theability of the resultant diploid strains to grow onminimal medium in the absence of lysine is shown inthe following chart (+ means growth and − means nogrowth.)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 − + + + + − + −2 + − + + + + + +3 + + − − − − − +4 + + − − − − − +5 + + − − − − − +6 − + − − − − − −7 + + − − − − − +8 − + + + + − + −a. How many complementation groups were revealedby these data? Which point mutations are foundwithin which complementation groups?The same diploid strains are now induced to undergosporulation. The vast majority of resultant spores areauxotrophic; that is, they cannot form colonies whenplated on minimal medium (without lysine). However,particular diploids can produce rare spores…This problem leads you through the derivation of acorrected equation for RF in yeast tetrad analysis thattakes into account double crossover (DCO) meioses. A yeast strain that cannot grow in the absence ofthe amino acid histidine (his−) is mated with a yeaststrain that cannot grow in the absence of the aminoacid lysine (lys−). Among the 400 unordered tetrads resulting from this mating, 233 were PD, 11 wereNPD, and 156 were T.a. What types of spores are in the PD, NPD, andT tetrads?b. Are the his and lys genes linked? How do you know? c. Using the simple equation RF = 100 × [NPD +(1/2)T]/total tetrads, calculate the distance in mapunits between the his and lys genes.d. If you think about all the kinds of meiotic eventsthat could occur (refer to Fig. 5.24), you can seethat the calculation you did in part (c) may substantially underestimate RF. What kinds of meioses(NCO, SCO, or DCO) generated each of the tetradtypes in this cross? e. What incorrect assumptions does the simple RFequation…F1 hybrids between two species of cotton, Gossypium barbadenseand Gossypium hirsutum, are very vigorous plants. However, F1crosses produce many seeds that do not germinate and a high percentageof very weak F2 offspring. Suggest two reasons for theseobservations.
- Plsssss helpppp, What is the diploid and haploid number for the Tasmanian devil?97 Assume that the trihybrid cross MM SS tt X mm ss TT is made in a plant species in which Mand S are dom- inant but there is no dominance between T and t. Consider the F2 progeny from this cross, and assume independent assortment. (a) How many phenotypic classes are expected? (b) What is the probability of genotype MM SS t? obib (c) What proportion would be expected to be 15 2nod bolleo homozygous for all genes? ablla Insninmobo.(om26 of 40 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Miller, Timia Polyploid plants form as a result of a beneficial mutation that often makes them larger and stronger than diploid plants. These plants form when a complete set of chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis creating plants with extra chromosomes. What type of mutation has this result? O frameshift O nondisjunction substitution O translocation https://student.masteryconnect.com/%3 9/0
- In considering the formation of the A–P and D–V axes inDrosophila, we noted that, for mutations such as bcd,homozygous mutant mothers uniformly produce mutant offspring with segmentation defects. This outcomeis always true regardless of whether the offspring themselves are bcd+/bcd or bcd/bcd. Some other maternaleffect lethal mutations are different, in that the mutantphenotype can be “rescued” by introducing a wild-typeallele of the gene from the father. In other words, forsuch rescuable maternal-effect lethals, mut+/mut animals are normal, whereas mut/mut animals have the mutant defect. Explain the difference between rescuableand nonrescuable maternal-effect lethal mutations.During ascus formation in Neurospora, any ascosporewith a chromosomal deletion dies and appears whitein color. How many of the eight ascospores in theascus would be white if the octad came from a crossof a wild-type strain with a strain of the oppositemating type carrying:a. a paracentric inversion, and no crossovers occurredbetween normal and inverted chromosomes?b. a pericentric inversion, and a single crossoveroccurred in the inversion loop?c. a paracentric inversion, and a single crossoveroccurred outside the inversion loop?d. a reciprocal translocation, and an adjacent-1segregation occurred with no crossovers betweentranslocated chromosomes?e. a reciprocal translocation, and alternate segregationoccurred with no crossovers between translocatedchromosomes?f. a reciprocal translocation, and alternate segregation occurred with one crossover between translocated chromosomes (but not between thetranslocation breakpoint and the centromereof any chromosome)?Neurospora of genotype a + c are crossed withNeurospora of genotype + b +. (Here, + is shorthandfor the wild-type allele.) The following tetrads areobtained (note that the genotype of the four sporepairs in an ascus are listed, rather than listing alleight spores):a + c a b c + + c + b c a b + a + ca + c a b c a + c a b c a b + a b c+ b + + + + + b + + + + + + c + + ++ b + + + + a b + a + + + + c + b +137 141 26 25 2 3a. In how many cells has meiosis occurred to yieldthese data?b. Give the best genetic map to explain these results.Indicate all relevant genetic distances, both betweengenes and between each gene and the centromere.c. Diagram a meiosis that could give rise to oneof the three tetrads in the class at the far right inthe list
