19- 18 - 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9- 7- 6- 5- 4- 2- 0- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Generations FIGURE 28.11 Results of selective breeding for a high and low oil content, a quantitative trait in corn. Percentage of oil content

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.