18. The researchers proposed that the difference in these proportions was due to "compassion fatigue". In other words, the physicians on the night shifts (which tended to be the longer shifts) became less compassionate as they grew tired from caring for patients all through their shifts. Which one of the following is the main reason it would be unwise to make the claim below: In this study, compassion fatigue in these physicians reduced the likelihood of prescribing pain medication. O The difference could have been caused by chance acting alone.
18. The researchers proposed that the difference in these proportions was due to "compassion fatigue". In other words, the physicians on the night shifts (which tended to be the longer shifts) became less compassionate as they grew tired from caring for patients all through their shifts. Which one of the following is the main reason it would be unwise to make the claim below: In this study, compassion fatigue in these physicians reduced the likelihood of prescribing pain medication. O The difference could have been caused by chance acting alone.
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
18th Edition
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:Carter
Chapter10: Statistics
Section10.6: Summarizing Categorical Data
Problem 30PPS
Related questions
Question
![18. The researchers proposed that the difference in these proportions was due to "compassion fatigue". In other
words, the physicians on the night shifts (which tended to be the longer shifts) became less compassionate as
they grew tired from caring for patients all through their shifts.
Which one of the following is the main reason it would be unwise to make the claim below:
In this study, compassion fatigue in these physicians reduced the likelihood of prescribing pain medication.
The difference could have been caused by chance acting alone.
The dataset only contained records for around 4000 patients.
The physicians were not blinded, they knew what kind of shift they were on.
The difference between the proportions could have been caused by a confounding variable, such as patients
needing less medication during the night because they were sleeping.
The data only came from patients in one hospital.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F32d90abb-17ba-4e86-8b99-dcc6b8e59f65%2F4c3582f5-3aac-4aa0-b4f4-171d612c45c5%2Fmbni58n_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:18. The researchers proposed that the difference in these proportions was due to "compassion fatigue". In other
words, the physicians on the night shifts (which tended to be the longer shifts) became less compassionate as
they grew tired from caring for patients all through their shifts.
Which one of the following is the main reason it would be unwise to make the claim below:
In this study, compassion fatigue in these physicians reduced the likelihood of prescribing pain medication.
The difference could have been caused by chance acting alone.
The dataset only contained records for around 4000 patients.
The physicians were not blinded, they knew what kind of shift they were on.
The difference between the proportions could have been caused by a confounding variable, such as patients
needing less medication during the night because they were sleeping.
The data only came from patients in one hospital.
![Researchers investigated the propensity of patients in emergency rooms to be prescribed pain medication. The
dataset for this study included the discharge notes of over 4000 patients attending a hospital emergency room
between 2014 and 2019.
Choshen-hillel, S., Sadras, I., Gordon-hecker, T., Genzer, S., Rekhtman, D., & Caruso, E. M. (2022). Physicians
prescribe fewer analgesics during night shifts than day shifts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
119(27), e2200047119.
Two of the variables collected are described below:
Shift Type The type of shift the attending physician
was working at the time the patient was
seen.
Prescription
- Day shift
(8 or 15 hour shift starting at 8am)
Night shift
(12 or 16 hour shift starting at 8pm)
Whether or not pain medication was
prescribed
- Prescribed
- Not prescribed
The data collected on these two variables is displayed in the two-way table of counts below:
Shift type
Prescribed Not-prescribed Total
1249
1644
2893
433
831
1264
1682
2475
4157
Table 1: A two-way table of counts of the patient data
Day shift
Night shift
Prescription
Let:
Pd be the underlying proportion of patients,
seen by a Day shift physician, who
received a prescription for pain
medication.
and
Pn be the underlying proportion of patients,
seen by a Night shift physician, who
received a prescription for pain medication.
The t-procedures tool was used to carry out a two-sided test for no difference between pd and Pn. Output from
the t-procedures tool is given in Figure 1.
%
Confidence level 95
se(p1 - p₂) = 0.0162
t-multiplier = 1.96
Hypothesised value for P₁ - P20
two-tailed P-value = 0.0000 (4 d.p.)
Figure 1: Screenshot of the t-procedures tool](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F32d90abb-17ba-4e86-8b99-dcc6b8e59f65%2F4c3582f5-3aac-4aa0-b4f4-171d612c45c5%2Fwyvtruc_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Researchers investigated the propensity of patients in emergency rooms to be prescribed pain medication. The
dataset for this study included the discharge notes of over 4000 patients attending a hospital emergency room
between 2014 and 2019.
Choshen-hillel, S., Sadras, I., Gordon-hecker, T., Genzer, S., Rekhtman, D., & Caruso, E. M. (2022). Physicians
prescribe fewer analgesics during night shifts than day shifts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
119(27), e2200047119.
Two of the variables collected are described below:
Shift Type The type of shift the attending physician
was working at the time the patient was
seen.
Prescription
- Day shift
(8 or 15 hour shift starting at 8am)
Night shift
(12 or 16 hour shift starting at 8pm)
Whether or not pain medication was
prescribed
- Prescribed
- Not prescribed
The data collected on these two variables is displayed in the two-way table of counts below:
Shift type
Prescribed Not-prescribed Total
1249
1644
2893
433
831
1264
1682
2475
4157
Table 1: A two-way table of counts of the patient data
Day shift
Night shift
Prescription
Let:
Pd be the underlying proportion of patients,
seen by a Day shift physician, who
received a prescription for pain
medication.
and
Pn be the underlying proportion of patients,
seen by a Night shift physician, who
received a prescription for pain medication.
The t-procedures tool was used to carry out a two-sided test for no difference between pd and Pn. Output from
the t-procedures tool is given in Figure 1.
%
Confidence level 95
se(p1 - p₂) = 0.0162
t-multiplier = 1.96
Hypothesised value for P₁ - P20
two-tailed P-value = 0.0000 (4 d.p.)
Figure 1: Screenshot of the t-procedures tool
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