Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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### Figure F01-7-6: Earth's Energy Balance **Image Description** The diagram illustrates the various pathways through which solar energy interacts with the Earth and its atmosphere. The processes are quantified by percentage, demonstrating the energy balance in Earth's atmosphere. 1. **Radiation Reflection and Absorption:** - **Reflected from Earth’s Surface (4%):** A certain amount of solar radiation is reflected back into space by the Earth's surface. - **Reflected by Clouds (20%):** Clouds also contribute to reflecting solar energy back into space. - **Reflected by Atmosphere (6%):** Reflection by atmospheric particles and gases plays a role in the energy reflection process. - **Radiated to Space from Clouds and Atmosphere (64%):** Energy is radiated back into space from the clouds and atmosphere. - **Radiated to Space from Earth (6%):** The Earth itself radiates energy back into space. 2. **Radiation Absorption:** - **Absorbed by Atmosphere (16%):** The atmosphere absorbs some of the incoming solar radiation. - **Absorbed by Earth’s Surface (51%):** A significant portion of solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface. - **Absorbed by Water, Carried to Clouds (23%):** Water bodies absorb energy, which is then transferred to clouds. 3. **Energy Processes:** - **Convection (7%):** Convection currents distribute heat within the atmosphere. **Questions for Further Understanding** 1. What is the main effect that contributes a positive term to the Earth’s internal energy? 2. What is the main effect that contributes a negative term to the Earth’s internal energy? 3. What is the total percentage of energy that is reflected? 4. The atmosphere is capable of both absorbing and reflecting light. As depicted in this figure, does it cause a net increase or decrease in the Earth’s internal energy? 5. What effect would increasing the amount of light reflected have on the Earth’s temperature? 6. If there were more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that could absorb heat from the Earth, what effect would that have on the Earth’s temperature?
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Transcribed Image Text:### Figure F01-7-6: Earth's Energy Balance **Image Description** The diagram illustrates the various pathways through which solar energy interacts with the Earth and its atmosphere. The processes are quantified by percentage, demonstrating the energy balance in Earth's atmosphere. 1. **Radiation Reflection and Absorption:** - **Reflected from Earth’s Surface (4%):** A certain amount of solar radiation is reflected back into space by the Earth's surface. - **Reflected by Clouds (20%):** Clouds also contribute to reflecting solar energy back into space. - **Reflected by Atmosphere (6%):** Reflection by atmospheric particles and gases plays a role in the energy reflection process. - **Radiated to Space from Clouds and Atmosphere (64%):** Energy is radiated back into space from the clouds and atmosphere. - **Radiated to Space from Earth (6%):** The Earth itself radiates energy back into space. 2. **Radiation Absorption:** - **Absorbed by Atmosphere (16%):** The atmosphere absorbs some of the incoming solar radiation. - **Absorbed by Earth’s Surface (51%):** A significant portion of solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface. - **Absorbed by Water, Carried to Clouds (23%):** Water bodies absorb energy, which is then transferred to clouds. 3. **Energy Processes:** - **Convection (7%):** Convection currents distribute heat within the atmosphere. **Questions for Further Understanding** 1. What is the main effect that contributes a positive term to the Earth’s internal energy? 2. What is the main effect that contributes a negative term to the Earth’s internal energy? 3. What is the total percentage of energy that is reflected? 4. The atmosphere is capable of both absorbing and reflecting light. As depicted in this figure, does it cause a net increase or decrease in the Earth’s internal energy? 5. What effect would increasing the amount of light reflected have on the Earth’s temperature? 6. If there were more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that could absorb heat from the Earth, what effect would that have on the Earth’s temperature?
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