In studies of human monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs who are reared together, the following concordance values are identified for various traits. Based on the values shown which trait is more dependent on genetics than enviornment?

In studies of human monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs who are reared together, the following concordance values are identified for various traits. Based on the values shown which trait is more dependent on genetics than enviornment?

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Description: In studies of human monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs who are reared together, the following concordance values are identified for various traits. Based on the values shown which trait is more dependent on genetics than enviornment? tra

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter18: Genetics Of Behavior

Section18.2: Models, Methods, And Phenotypes In Studying Behavior

Problem 1EG: What role would twin and adoption studies play in selecting a model for determining whether...

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If the environmental variance increase and the genetic variance components remain the same what will the effect be on heritability? Select one: O a. Broad-sense heritability will increase O b. There will be no change. O c. Broad-sense heritability will increase, but narrow sense heritability will decrease. O d. Narrow-sense heritability will increase O e. Broad-sense heritability will decrease /quiz/attempt.php?attempt=1173673&cmid=3837312&page=4# 3 с $ 4 G Search or type URL % 5 MacBook Pro 6 & 8 9 1
What role would twin and adoption studies play in selecting a model for determining whether attendance at medical school is a heritable trait? What heritability values would make you take the study to the next level?
The following table gives the percentage of twinpairs studied in which both twins expressed the same phenotypefor a trait (concordance). Percentages listed arefor concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) anddizygotic (DZ) twins. Assuming that both twins in eachpair were raised together in the same environment, whatdo you conclude about the relative importance of geneticversus environmental factors for each trait?
The broad-sense heritability of a trait is estimated at 0.6. If the total phenotypic variance is estimated at 30.0, what is the genetic variance? 12 18 36 5 9
In the following table, average differences of birth height, birth weight, and IQ score between monozygotic twins (reared together and apart are compared. Based on the data below, which quantitative trait has the lowest heritability? Trait Height (cm) Weight (kg) IQ Height Weight IQ MZ Reared Together 0.7 1.9 1.7 MZ Reared Apart 0.8 4.5 1.9
The following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which bothtwins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listedare for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.Assuming that both twins in each pair were raised together in the sameenvironment, what do you conclude about the relative importance of genetic (H)versus environmental (E) factors for each trait?Traits MZ, % DZ, % H EBlood types 100 66Eye color 99 28Measles 95 87Diabetes 65 18Mental retardation 97 37
In the following table, average differences of birth height, birth weight, and IQ score between monozygotic twins (reared together and apart are compared. Based on the data below, which quantitative trait has the lowest heritability? Trait Height (cm) Weight (kg) IQ Height Weight O1Q MZ Reared Together Trait Tail length 0.7 1.9 The following variances were calculated for two traits in poodles. VA MZ Reared Apart 6.3 Body length 11.7 4.5 1.9 Vp 20.1 33.4 Ve 16.2 Calculate broad sense (H²) and narrow sense (h²) heritability for each trait in this herd. 4
ADHD is a highly heritable trait with published broad sense heritability estimates in the range of 0.6- 0.9. Larsson et al. 2014 (doi: 10.1017/S0033291713002493 ) reported the concordance values shown in the table below for pairs of monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZ) twins with data for male and female pairs shown separately, using data from the Swedish twin register (59,000 twin pairs, born between 1959 and 2001). Male MZ twins Male DZ twins Female MZ twins Female DZ twins 56% 16% 37% 13% Based on the data in this table, does ADHD appear to be more heritable in males or females? Provide one sentence of rationale to support your answer.
Twin studies are often used in the research of human behavioral traits. Although helpful, there are limitations to these studies. All of the following are limitations to twin studies EXCEPT: Traits are assumed to be simple Mendelian inheritance, discounting additive alleles and epistasis Dizygotic twins will often share more than 50% of their genes Monozygotic twins are often treated more similarity than dizygotic twins O Twins studies are a mechanism to understand the genetic and environmental components of a trait Twins reared apart are often adopted out to families of similar income, ethnicity, and religion
What does a heritability score tell us about HOW genes and environment interact in an individual to produce a trait?
Which of the following best describes the broad-sense heritability of a trait? Variance in the trait that is due to genetic effects (VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (VG/Vp) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (Vp - VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is not due to genetic effects (Vp- VE) the degree to which genes influencing a trait are passed from offspring to parents To
Many researchers have estimated the heritability of human traits by comparing the correlation coefficients of monozygotic and dizygotic twins (see pp. 731–732). One of the assumptions made in using this method is that monozygotic twin pairs experience environments that are no more similar to each other than those experienced by dizygotic twin pairs. How might this assumption be violated? Give some specific examples of how the environments of two monozygotic twins might be more similar than the environments of two dizygotic twins.