1. Precise words: Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more precise terms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure). (i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations. (ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight. (iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell. (iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify this surprising effect. (v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state. 2. Simple words: Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases with simpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure). (i) These data substantiate our hypothesis. (ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted for by the fact that different conditions were used. (iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we dissected mouse brains. (iv) We performed a systematic study of the vibrational spectrum of CO2 using various isotopomers. (v) In Swaziland, the number of HIV infected children increased by an order of magnitude in the past decade. 3. Commonly confused/misused words: Consider the pairs of confused and misused word choices provided for the following sentences. Be sure you understand the difference in word choice. Using the provided word choices, fill in the correct words. (i) like, as Plasmids were isolated ________ described by Beates (17). Carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, krypton, and hydrogen are gaseous components of dry air, ______ argon. (ii) while, whereas The first enzyme was added _________ the DNA mixtures were incubating at 37oC. In weathered soils, little P is available for biological uptake, _________ in young soils little N is available for uptake. (iii) effect, affect Nutrition concentration was the most important factor _______ population size. Ozone causes cellular damage inside leaves that adversely _______ plant production. (iv) that, which Fish _______ live in caves show many adaptations to living in darkness. The value of the standard electrode potential is zero, _________ forms the basis for calculating cell potentials. (v) Include, consist of Her research interests __________ all areas of biochemistry and molecular biology. Components of Hyperion’s crust ___________ solid H2O and CO2. 5. Redundancies and jargon 2 Improve the word choice of the underlined words in the following examples by removing any redundancies, jargon, and any unnecessary words and phrases (do not change the sentence structure). (i) The data of the analysis on cell cycle parameters are shown in Fig. 1. They have revealed that the cell cycle is controlled by factor X. (ii) The effect of temperature on conductivity was examined and found not to change dramatically. (iii) After infecting a host cell, a herpes viral DNA genome enters the nucleus where it is transcribed from DNA to RNA to both messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). (iv) Transduction efficiencies in vivo were much higher than transduction efficiencies in vitro. (v) Larger mammals are more likely to get extinct than smaller ones due to the fact that larger animals are fewer in number and are disproportionately exploited by humans. 6. Redundancies and jargon 3 Identify and remove the jargon and other redundancies in the following sentences. (i) It is also worth pointing out that collagen synthesis returned to normal 3 days post injury. (ii) A substantial proportion of HIV patients also develop tuberculosis. (iii) After 3 hr. the old medium was dumped, and the same amount of fresh medium was added. (iv) This appears to indicate that factor A possibly may have a tendency to interact with factor B. (v) In a considerable number of cases, degradation leads to topsoil loss and a reduction in soil fertility. 7. Abbreviations. Identify the basic writing rule that is violated for the underlined word choices in the following paragraphs by describing as best you can what the general mistake is. We used the SVWN (Slater, Vosko, Wilk, Nusair) functional as a local-density model and the Becke-LeeYang-Parr (B-LYP) exchange-correlation functional for our analysis. All calculations were done in triplicate and adjusted based on the Becke-Perdew (BP) and PW91 functionals. We also included the Becke-LeeYang-Parr (B-LYP) functional to overcome the limitations of the BP and PW91 functionals. The nonlocal BLYP functional includes a zero point energy (ZPE) correction. Configuration-interaction methods (CI) or density-functional theory (DFT) describe the exchange and correlation effects. This is the first report on DFT plane wave calculations and the SVWN functional for Z. We found that the Z bond is 2.73 Angstroms for PW91 and B-LYP. 8. Mixed word choice. Improve the word choice in these examples (i) We studied the effect of erythromycin on 5 male and 3 female children in three different assays. (ii) We made a picture of the gel we made.
1. Precise words:
Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more precise
terms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure).
(i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations.
(ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight.
(iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell.
(iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify this
surprising effect.
(v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state.
2. Simple words:
Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases with
simpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure).
(i) These data substantiate our hypothesis.
(ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted for
by the fact that different conditions were used.
(iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we dissected mouse brains.
(iv) We performed a systematic study of the vibrational spectrum of CO2 using various
isotopomers.
(v) In Swaziland, the number of HIV infected children increased by an order of magnitude in the
past decade.
3. Commonly confused/misused words:
Consider the pairs of confused and misused word choices provided for the following sentences. Be sure
you understand the difference in word choice. Using the provided word choices, fill in the correct words.
(i) like, as
Plasmids were isolated ________ described by Beates (17). Carbon dioxide, neon, helium,
methane, krypton, and hydrogen are gaseous components of dry air, ______ argon.
(ii) while, whereas
The first enzyme was added _________ the DNA mixtures were incubating at 37oC.
In weathered soils, little P is available for biological uptake, _________ in young soils little N
is available for uptake.
(iii) effect, affect
Nutrition concentration was the most important factor _______ population size.
Ozone causes cellular damage inside leaves that adversely _______ plant production.
(iv) that, which
Fish _______ live in caves show many adaptations to living in darkness.
The value of the standard electrode potential is zero, _________ forms the basis for
calculating cell potentials.
(v) Include, consist of
Her research interests __________ all areas of biochemistry and molecular biology.
Components of Hyperion’s crust ___________ solid H2O and CO2.
5. Redundancies and jargon 2
Improve the word choice of the underlined words in the following examples by removing any
redundancies, jargon, and any unnecessary words and phrases (do not change the sentence structure).
(i) The data of the analysis on cell cycle parameters are shown in Fig. 1. They have revealed
that the cell cycle is controlled by factor X.
(ii) The effect of temperature on conductivity was examined and found not to change
dramatically.
(iii) After infecting a host cell, a herpes viral DNA genome enters the nucleus where it is
transcribed from DNA to RNA to both messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs
(ncRNAs).
(iv) Transduction efficiencies in vivo were much higher than transduction efficiencies in vitro.
(v) Larger mammals are more likely to get extinct than smaller ones due to the fact that larger
animals are fewer in number and are disproportionately exploited by humans.
6. Redundancies and jargon 3
Identify and remove the jargon and other redundancies in the following sentences.
(i) It is also worth pointing out that collagen synthesis returned to normal 3 days post injury.
(ii) A substantial proportion of HIV patients also develop tuberculosis.
(iii) After 3 hr. the old medium was dumped, and the same amount of fresh medium was added.
(iv) This appears to indicate that factor A possibly may have a tendency to interact with factor B.
(v) In a considerable number of cases, degradation leads to topsoil loss and a reduction in soil
fertility.
7. Abbreviations.
Identify the basic writing rule that is violated for the underlined word choices in the following paragraphs
by describing as best you can what the general mistake is.
We used the SVWN (Slater, Vosko, Wilk, Nusair) functional as a local-density model and the Becke-LeeYang-Parr (B-LYP) exchange-correlation functional for our analysis. All calculations were done in triplicate
and adjusted based on the Becke-Perdew (BP) and PW91 functionals. We also included the Becke-LeeYang-Parr (B-LYP) functional to overcome the limitations of the BP and PW91 functionals. The nonlocal BLYP functional includes a zero point energy (ZPE) correction. Configuration-interaction methods (CI) or
density-functional theory (DFT) describe the exchange and correlation effects. This is the first report on
DFT plane wave calculations and the SVWN functional for Z. We found that the Z bond is 2.73 Angstroms
for PW91 and B-LYP.
8. Mixed word choice.
Improve the word choice in these examples
(i) We studied the effect of erythromycin on 5 male and 3 female children in three different
assays.
(ii) We made a picture of the gel we made.
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