1. In fruit flies, the gene for white eyes is sex-linked recessive. (R) is red and (r) is white. Cross a white- eyed female with a normal red-eyed male.

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Smaug (The Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities, The Unassessably Wealthy, The Stupendous, etc.), is the dragon who lords over the Lonely Mountain in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. He is described with the following phenotypes: Reddish-golden scales Batlike wings Fire breathing Let's assume the following inheritance models are true for the dragon phenotypes observed: Phenotype Scale Color Wing Shape Fire Breathing Alleles R¹ (Red scales), R² (Gold scales) X¹ (Bat-like, Dominant), Xi (Insect-like, Recessive) F (Fire breathing), f (unable to create fire) Inheritance Model Incomplete dominance X-linked allele Mendelian

5. In German Shepherd dogs, hair length and hip dyslpasia are determined by two different genes located on different chromosomes. In answering the following questions, use the letters D and d for fur length and H and h for hip dysplasia. Max, a long-haired dog with no hip dysplasia, was bred with Rin, a short-haired dog that was later found to have hip dysplasia. All of their children had long hair and hip dysplasia. a. Give the genotypes of the following: Мах Rin Their children (the F,) Buddy is a German Shepherd dog with short hair and was heterozygous for having hip dysplasia. b. What is Buddy's genotype? c. Give the genotypes of all of the gametes Buddy could produce.

5. A husband and wife have typical vision, although both of their fathers are red-green colorblind (an X-linked recessive trait). From this information, determine the appropriate symbols for the wild-type and color-blind alleles and write the genotypes of the husband and wife. a. b. What is the probability that the couple will have a son with typical vision? C. What is the probability that the couple will have a daughter with typical vision? d. What is the probability that the couple will have a son with colorblindness? e. What is the probabilityt the the couple will have a daughter with colorblindness?

16. A woman who is type O marries a man who is heterozygous for type A. What are the chances that they will have a type O baby? Tracking two traits. Now it's time to track two traits at the same time.

5. The pedigree below traces the inheritance of Albinism, a genetic disorder. Affected individuals, indicated here by the coloured circles and squares, are unable to make a normal amount of melanin, the chemical that is responsible for eye, skin, and hair colour. Does Albinism appear to be caused by a dominant allele or by a recessive allele? Fill in the genotypes of the individuals whose genotypes can be deduced. What genotypes are possible for each of the other individuals? Explain! Naruto Hinata Reiner Asta Hange Mikasa Eren Historia Luffy Nezuko Zenitsu Tanjiro Son Goku

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5. In German cockroaches, bulging eyes (bu) are recessive to normal eyes (bu*), and curved wings (cv) are recessive to straight wings (cv*). These two traits are encoded by autosomal genes that are linked. A cockroach has genotype butbu cv*cv, and the genes are in repulsion. Which of the following sets of genes will be found in the most common gametes produced by this cockroach? a. buʻcy+ b. bu cv с. butbu d. cv*cv е. bu cvt

6. There are two enzymes LDH1 and LDH2. The gene that encodes this enzyme is X-linked. You extract the enzyme from different cells in several people and carry out electrophoresis. Give the genotypes for each person Draw the banding pattern that you would expect in the gel. Male with Male with Female Female Heterozygous LDH1 gene homozygous female LDH2 homozygous for LDH2 for LDH1