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1. Explain the biosynthesis of caffeine.
I need a comprehensive explanation and do not just copy from soemwhere, please.
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- 1. Why is the use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) highly debated?A nurse is caring for a patient with refractoryepilepsy. To enhance medical management,a ketogenic diet has been prescribed. Ineducating the patient about dietary energysources, all of the following statements aretrue, except:a. Proteins consist of polymers of nucleic acids.b. Fat provides more kilocalories per gram thanprotein.c. A high-fat diet may cause increased serumcholesterol levels.d. Starch is an example of a carbohydrate.The metabolic precursor for the production of most eicosanoids is
- 8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type I, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fucl metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis. Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this me the Ocuics, name d) specify the hormone that accelerates this preeursor formation and provide appropriate charts, starting from the hormone binding to adipocyte and concluding with precursor formation, give an explanation to the charts.Draw the structures of the major metabolites you would predict (Phase I and Phase II) for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen and the beta blocker propranolol (use hand drawn illustrations or free chemistry drawing software, e.g. Marvin, for your answer). Explain how these metabolites are formed and comment on the role of metabolism (Phase I and Phase II) in the detoxification of the drugs.Which of the following about adipokines is true? They are: 1) intracellular enzymes 2) secreted from the hypothalamus 3) endocrine signals
- 1 What's true about Purdue Pharma and OxyContin? (Select all that apply] O OxyContin is an opioid painkiller introduced to the U.S. by Purdue in 1996 as a 12-hour timed-release dosage of oxycodone. O By crushing or dissolving the 12-hour pills, drug abusers could ingest the entire dose at one time, thus causing fatal overdoses, The Sackler-family-owned Purdue Pharma, maker of OxyContin, used unethical marketing practices. Such practices led Purdue to become the major contributor to the opiold crisis that caused the deaths of 400,000 individuals, CPurdue's aggressive marketing of OxyContin included visiting doctors, paying for their meals and travel, providing gifts, and funding pain treatment groups. M Purdue has earned in excess of $30 billion since OxyContin arrived on the market. ASome of the company's marketing messages minimized the potential for OxyContin to lead to addiction, for which it paid over $600 million in fines in 2007. Purdue announced in September 2019 that it had…6. A. List all of the ionizable functional groups that are found in insulin when in aqueous solution. List which amino acid residues have these ionizable groups and list all of the pka and pKb values (including the R groups) that are on both polypeptide chains that make up insulin. (see the table at the end of this HW set; note that tyrosine and cysteine both have unusual pka's, since these side groups ionize above the pKR's given to have a negative charge). B. The isoelectric point of insulin is reported to be around 5.3-5.35. Using the method covered in class, estimate the isoelectric point of insulin and compare your answer to the values above. C. For a polypeptide to be soluble in an aqueous solution, is it good to be near the isoelectric point? Why or why not? Notes: a couple of unusual R group's that ionize (cysteine and tyrosine have R groups that have pka values; histidine has a pkb). The table at the end of this homework set (also in the lecture notes) lists the pka's and…What are the similarities and differences (*in terms of structure) between this analgesic and aspirin? What are the major advantage of this analgesic? Structure of analgesic is provided, please draw structure of aspirin too.
- 5) Explain the synthesis, release and pharmacology of histamineThe following structure is more active than morphine as an analgesic. H3C N. CH3 H. H3C O .. What is the principal reason for this? O The extra acetyl group binds to cell surface receptors improving active internalization. O The acetyl groups mask a polar group allowing the structure to cross the blood brain barrier more efficiently. O The extra acetyl group masks an alcohol group which would otherwise undergo a phase Il metabolic conjugation reaction leading to rapid excretion of the drug. O The acetyl groups increase the stability of the drug in the cellular environment. O ..Identify and briefly explain a third possible role of oxytocin that could explain its potential benefit to people with autism. Be sure to include the URL of your source with your work.