What evidence is found in the fossil record that shows that early ancestors of humans walked upright and used bipedal locomotion? Select all that apply.   a On the bottom of the skull, there is a place where the backbone attaches. b Fossilized bones of the hip and pelvis are shorter in height. c The feet evolved five toes from three toes. d The backbone was attached to the back of the skull.

Q: "Vertebrae" would be an example of an: I) autapomorphy             II) plesiomorphy…

A: Vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column (spine) of an organism. They…

Q: Which of the following is not true about human and ape skeletons?a. Humans have a long, narrow…

A: Humans and apes are primates whose body similarities demonstrated that they have common ancestors.…

Q: a. List the characteristics of chordates. What were the circumstances that forced them to evolve…

A: Answer :: a) Chordate is a phylum in animal kingdom which includes Urochordata, Cephalochordata and…

Q: The bones that make up the forelimbs of monke cats, whales, and birds are similar. of the following…

A: Evolution can be studied by various evidences like homologous and analogous organs.

Q: The tree shows one lineage of ornithischian dinosaurs and many lineages of theropod dinosaurs. Some…

A: Ornithischian dinosaurs in the above tree serves as a reference point for the theropod dinosaurs…

Q: The evolution of which of the following features of mammals is hardest to trace through the fossil…

A: Fossil records are the remains of dead organisms that remained intact in various layers of soil in…

Q: African Homo erectus cranial features include A. Thick cranial bones. B. Small browridges. C. A…

A: Large browridges, thick bones, and a long, low, and wide base make up the morphology of the Homo…

Q: A marine biologist catches a species of fish she has never seen before. Upon examination, she…

A: Pisces is a class that contains fishes. The members of pisces have two chambered heart with one…

Q: Compare the different structures in the photo. What do scientists infer from the similarities…

A: Evidence for evolution can be found in a variety of biological disciplines, including: Anatomy…

Q: Whale skeletons contain nonfunctional pelvic bonesa. as a result of convergent evolution.b. due to…

A: Bizzare behind pelvic bones:                         For decades, scientist predicts that the pelvic…

Q: In the Paleozoic era, the first vertebrates to live on land were thea. amphibians.b. reptiles.c.…

A: The Paleozoic era is the earliest of three major geologic eras found in geologic periods which…

Q: Which species has the most robust cheek bones?   A. Homo erectus   B. Homo rudolfensis   C.…

A: Robust cheekbones refer to strong, prominent, and thick cheekbones. These are typically…

Q: According to " Denisovans: Decoding the Secrets of Our Mysterious Ancient Cousins”, what two species…

A: The question is asking for the two species that coexisted with early Homo sapiens during the end of…

Q: The bones in the front fins of whales and the bones in the human arm evolved from a common ancestor…

A: Answer- (A) homologous structures. Homologous structures are the physical features of the organisms…

Q: Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the wing of a bat?a. the dorsal fin…

A: In biology, homologous structures are those that have a similar structure but may have different…

Q: Figure 15.33 Which of the following statements about common features of chordates is true?a. The…

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: Which of the following is a correct way to distinguish reptiles from amphibians? a. Reptiles have…

A: Reptiles are vertebrates whic are cold blooded. They have dry skin that is covered with scales or…

Q: What is one anatomical difference between Australopithecines and other early hominins, such as Ardi?…

A: The answer is: B. Ardi had a divergent big toe while the Australopithecines had non-divergent big…

Q: If you found a mandible with a boney chin, it most likely belongs to: A. Australopithecus sediba. B.…

A: The skull is a protective case made up of bone to protect the brain. The skull bones are studied…

Q: a-Tiktaalik is a fish that lived 375 million years ago that grew to three metres long and had…

A: The study of evolutionary processes and speciation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms…

Q: Based on strange arrangements of bones, some archaeologists believed that the Neanderthals had a…

A: Introduction  Primate evolution refers to the process of change in the anatomy, physiology,…

Q: What do the marks found on the Bodo cranium indicate? A. The removal of flesh from the skull by…

A: Bodo cranium is the fossil of the skull of extinct hominin species. The skull is nearly 600,000…

Q: Pharyngeal slits are which of the following?   Question 24 options:   a)  Openings in the…

A: Pharyngeal slit are opening in the pharynx that extend to the outside environment. In organisms that…

Q: On a research expedition to the Galapagos, you and your research team discover four new species! All…

A: Chordates are the phylum in animal kingdom.  Phylogeny represents the evolutionary relationship…

Q: The earliest-diverging gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) were fish. Which one of the following…

A: Jaws, in fishes, are developed from the pharyngeal arches, which play a major role in protection of…

Q: Why did Neanderthals become extinct? State at least four major factors to explain their fate.

A: A very long time ago,Homo sapiens and Neanderthals shared the same land and lived together.And…

Q: According to "Homo erectus – The First Humans”, what are key features that are shared among the Homo…

A: The question is asking for the key features that are common among the Homo erectus species,…

Q: What is the closest common ancestor of the Allosaurus and Aves? A. Maniraptora B. Theropoda C.…

A: The cladogram presented here consists of four major clades which are Dinosauria, Saurischia,…

Q: Although most salamanders have four legs, a few species that live in shallow water lack hind limbs…

A: Natural selection refers to the evolution of species in such a way that the changes are better…

Q: Which of these species is most likely to share the greatest percentage of DNA with your human…

A: Humans or Homo sapiens belong to the genus Homo. We are the only surviving species of the genus…

Q: Why was it significant that the bones were found to be articulated (their bones hadn’t separated…

A: The significance of finding articulated bones (bones that haven't separated from each other) lies in…

Q: Fingers and toes would be an ancestral feature in land vertebrates. A) True B False

A: Vertebrates include all kind of animal species which contains backbone.

Q: Read the description on the display case featuring Australopithecus afarensis and answer the…

A: The femur is the longest bone and is called the thigh bone. Australopithecus like humans were…

Q: Radiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen…

A: Osteology is a branch of anatomy that deals with the study of bones. The body skeleton is divided…

Q: This video refers to Denisovans as a “Ghost Lineage.” In fact, Denisovans don’t even have a formal…

A: A type specimen is a single physical specimen that is designated as the representative of a…

Q: The skull pictured here represents the species: A. Pongo pygmaeus B. Paranthropus boisei C. Homo…

A: Introduction  A skull is a bony structure that encases and protects the brain, as well as providing…

Q: Which species has the least robust brown ridges? A. Homo habilis B. Homo rudolfensis C.…

A: The size, shape, and prominence of the bony ridge that runs across the forehead immediately above…

Q: When comparing modern human skulls to those of our ancestors it is clear that...

A: Ans : Evolution is a process in which gradual changes takes place over many generations, during…

Q: Which of the following would be homologous to human forearms? A A bat's wing B An insect leg C) An…

A:

Q: Why is it interesting that Homo luzonensis was found on an island?    A. The islands only…

A: The discovery of Homo luzonensis on an island is interesting due to the implications it has for our…

Q: Explain how the following characters of modern frogs help with jumping locomotion. 1. urostyle and…

A: Frogs are members of ambhibian family along with toads . It has eyes on the side of the head to look…

Q: What characteristics are shared between monotremes and placental mammals but not marsupials? What…

A: under the class Mammalia, vertebrate animals are present. they are subdivided into- monotreme,…

Q: Australopithecine

A: 1. Dental Morphology: Fossilized enamel of Australopithecines displays a combination of tendencies.…

Q: Suppose archaeologists discover human skeletal remains in Ethiopia. Examination of the bones…

A: The branch of science involving the recovery, analysis, and use of the material remains to study…

Primate evolution

Primates are a relatively new species and first appeared in the fossil record nearly 55 million years ago. They may have originated as far back as the cretaceous period. Their fossils were observed in North America, Asia, and Europe. Long before the first monkeys and their prosimian relatives developed, most animal species thrived and died. The first primates did not exist until about 50-55 million years ago, even though the planet is 4.54 billion years old and the first life goes back at least 3.5 billion years. Dinosaurs had been extinct for 10 to 15 million years when this happened.