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- The carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.Ethanol, C2H5OH, is a gasoline additive that can be produced by fermentation of glucose. C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2 (a) Calculate the mass (g) of ethanol produced by the fermentation of 1.000 lb glucose. (b) Gasohol is a mixture of 10.00 mL ethanol per 90.00 mL gasoline. Calculate the mass (in g) of glucose required to produce the ethanol in 1.00 gal gasohol. Density of ethanol = 0.785 g/mL. (c) By 2022, the U. S. Energy Independence and Security Act calls for annual production of 3.6 1010 gal of ethanol, no more than 40% of it produced by fermentation of corn. Fermentation of 1 ton (2.2 103 lb) of corn yields approximately 106 gal of ethanol. The average corn yield in the United States is about 2.1 105 lb per 1.0 105 m2. Calculate the acreage (in m2) required to raise corn solely for ethanol production in 2022 in the United States.2 2 X. Fo fff O-S-CH3 01S1O 0-S-CH3 F OTS CH3NH DMSO Br DMF Br EtOH CH3NH DMSO Yor + Br - Br X -S-CH3 -S-CH3 NHCH3 + OTS OP NHCH3 + F
- ii. 1. NaOH 2. 0 H H [H*] NAOH Heat Нeat F EI. Name the two organic compounds. || | GH,0.- C - C-c(CH) -C-C-B Catla Q H 3=0 CH CHIS 0=¢ H CHn. Br2. Strychnine (6) is a notorious poison for both humans and rats. The first synthesis of this molecule was achieved by R. B. Woodward over sixty years ago (JACS 1954, 76, 4749-4751). In the last step of Woodward's synthesis, compound 1 was converted into 6 via intermediates 2-5, as shown. a) Draw all curved arrows that show the entire transformation of 1 into 6, and identify the entire sequence of arrow-pushing patterns. You may draw directly on the structures provided. b) For the step in which 4 is transformed into 5, identify the nucleophilic center and the electrophilic center. This step involves the creation of a new chirality center. Determine its configuration and explain why this reaction is enantiospecific (why the other possible configuration is not observed). N. 1 H H. O. ווח .ווי1י
