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- Some cofactors that participate in the reactions of the citric acid cycle are indicated by letters. Identify the position of positions of NADH in the cycle by selecting the appropriate letter or letters designating its position(s) in the cycle diagram. COA CH, HO--Co, CH čo, 8 CO но-сн CH HC -Co, CO HO-CH LA Citric acid cycle H,0 co, -B COA | 4 Co, čo D.1. Determine the answers of these multiple choices please its "a, b, c". Do not explain it, only determining the word or the answer. A) At the end of glycolysis, most of the energy of glucose undergoing aerobic respiration is found in the molecules: -Lactic acid -Of ATP's -Pyruvic acid -Of reduced NAD -Of PGAL B) The final product or final products of the light reaction during photosynthesis is or are: -PGA and carbon dioxide -Decomposition of ATP and water -ATP and NADPH2 training -Leribulose diphosphate (RDP) -ATP formation and carbon -Dioxide absorption: drugs C) Choose the substance that is produced during glycolysis and that will be sent to the Krebs cycle: -the pyruvate -lactic acid -the PGAL -The NADH -fructose1)Where is the most Potential Energy Stored at the end of the Citric Acid Cycle? A. High energy electron NADH B. Electron Tansport chain C. G3P D. ATP molecuoles 2) The movement of several solutes simoultanously a. Simple diffusion b. bulk transport c. Passive trasnsport d. Active Trasnport E. Osmosis 3) What is the source of electrons for photosysthesis? a. Oxygen b. ATP c. water D. Glucose E. Carbon dioxide 3) Movement of several solute acrossss cocentration graidients A. Simple diffusion B. Bulk transpoert C. Passive trasnport D. Active Transport E. Facilitated diffusion
- 1. Determine the answers of these multiple choices please its “a, b, c”. A) At the end of glycolysis, most of the energy of glucose undergoing aerobic respiration is found in the molecules: -Lactic acid -Of ATP's -Pyruvic acid -Of reduced NAD -Of PGAL B) The final product or final products of the light reaction during photosynthesis is or are: -PGA and carbon dioxide -Decomposition of ATP and water -ATP and NADPH2 training -Leribulose diphosphate (RDP) -ATP formation and carbon -Dioxide absorption: drugs C) Choose the substance that is produced during glycolysis and that will be sent to the Krebs cycle: -the pyruvate -lactic acid -the PGAL -The NADH -fructose11) To which molecule is Glucose broken down in the process of glycolysis? What happens with pyruvate in the presence of oxygen (hint: it will enter a cell organelle to feed into chemical reactions called....) 12) Which molecule carries energy rich electrons from the intermediates of the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. NADH 13) Which of the following states (of this electron carrier) carries energy rich electrons: 1) NAD+ 2) NADH? 14) Is oxygen required for aerobic respiration to take place? In which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen required? 15) Define fermentation? 16) Which of the three steps of aerobic respiration can take place in absence of oxygen? 17) What is the fate of pyruvate in absence of oxygen (e.g., when oxygen consumption exceeds oxygen intake during intense exercise)?Select the correct statements about cellular respiration (select all that apply) 1) Chemical energy in glucose is transformed to the form of ATP 2)The over all equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP 3)Cellular respiration takes place in the ribosomes 4) The phases include glycolysis, the kraft cycle, and the electron transport 5) The overall equation for cellular respiration is glucose + oxygen —> carbon monoxide + water + ADP 6) The phases include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain 7) The breakdown of ATP drives the synthesis of glucose
- 1. In living organisms, can metabolism yield a ΔG with a value of "0"? Please explain. 2. Where does citric acid cycle take place (please be very specific)? 3. What is substrate-level phosphorylation? What is the percentage of energy generated by substrate-level phosphorylation during aerobic phosphorylation? 4. In electron transport chain (aerobic respiration), which molecule is the most electronegative (highest electronegativity)?11. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of (LS1-7) * Glucose Glycolysis High Energy Molecules in Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle 000000 in out 2 NAD+ 2 ATP 4 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ATP Glycolysis Pyruvate 2 Pyruvates from 1 Glucose Molecule 2 ADP 2 ATP ,CO2 000 COA NAD+ NADH H* COA Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 Pyruvate oxidation in out Citric acid cycle NAD+ NADH 3 NAD* 3 NADH 3 H+ Citric acid cycle in out 3 NAD* FAD 3 NADH FADH2 ATP FADH2" ADP FAD ATP ADP + Dept. Biol. Penn State C2004 acetyl-CoA glucose pyruvate NADH11. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of (LS1-7) * Glucose Glycolysis High Energy Molecules in Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle 000000 in out 2 NAD+ 2 ATP 4 ADP 2 NADH Glycolysis 2 ADP 2 ATP Pyruvate 2 Pyruvates from 1 Glucose Molecule 2 ADP 2 ATP CO2 O00 COA NAD+ NADH H+ COA Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 Pyruvate oxidation 00 in out Citric acid cycle NAD+ NADH 3 NAD+ 3 NADH 3 H* Citric acid cycle in out 3 NAD* 3 NADH FAD ADP FADH2 АТР FADH2 FAD ATP ADP + P Dept. Biol. Penn State ©2004 acetyl-CoA glucose pyruvate NADH
- Follow the two carbon atoms that enter the citric acid cycle (C₂). Are the two CO₂ molecules given off in one turn of the citric acid cycle composed of the same 2 carbon atoms that entered the cycle? NADH + H+ NAD+ H HỌ—C—COO- H₂C-COO- °↑ 7 FADH₂ 0 C-C00 H₂C-COO- Oxaloacetate Malate HC-COO- -OOC-CH Fumarate FAD Succinate H₂C-COO H₂C-COO CH,CO—S-CoA Acetyl coenzyme A GTP COA GDP COA H₂C-COO- HỌ–C–COO- H₂C-COO- Citrate H₂C-COO- Isocitrate HC-COO- HO–C–COO H e T CO₂ Succinyl COA H₂C-COO- CO₂ a-Ketoglutarate CoA H₂C-CO-S-CoA H₂C-COO H₂C 0-C-COO- NAD+ NADH + H+ NAD+ NADH + H+What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH₂ and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH2 to 02 during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is phosphorylated?● 1.) Draw out the pathway for the biosynthesis of the following glycerophospholipid starting with choline, glycerol and the component fatty acids as it occurs in the liver tissue. Show the structures of all reactants and products, as well as the names of the enzymes. You do not need to draw the structures of ATP, NAD+, CoA, etc., but do show them as reactants or products in the appropriate places. You do not need to show the mechanisms of the enzymes. What is the name of the phospholipid? Us jure O • DISM 91 3.C6H3 UG OSEMSA QE F CH₂ CABJAD C-H H H₂C-O-P-0- ACELOj Pro ! H₂ C 212 32 CH3 f H3C -N-CH3