The Influence Of Sepsis

Sepsis and Septic Shock have been my personal topic after the life of young Kamil Williams and a 31-year-old Texas man who both contacted a bacterial infection later turn into sepsis. Although I have not formally studied it during my school or university years, I still find the human body, how it can break down and react to certain ailments interesting. The next question would be why does this happen? Well when there is infection or insult upon the body’s immune system normal reacts and causing an inflammatory response. This normally a good thing and it promotes healing and the resolution of the insult, however in Septic Shock the inflammatory response comes explosive and uncontrollable. According to Allison Hotujec, the author of “Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Protocols,” Sepsis has been called a “malignant intravascular inflammation.” The term malignant is because it is uncontrolled unregulated and self-perpetuating, in the usual immune response here is release of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, these balance to promote tissue

1. Sepsis is a complex immune disorder that is characterized by systemic hyper-inflammation. Where multifunctional endogenous factors, have been implicated in exacerbation of inflammation in many immune disorders including sepsis pulmonary infection with Francisella novicida, a Gram negative bacterial pathogen.

Sepsis is a life-threatening and potentially fatal condition caused by the body’s reaction to an infection. Sepsis occurs when chemicals normally released in the bloodstream to fight infection trigger inflammation throughout the body. This can result in damage to multiple organs, which can cause organ damage and, in some cases, death.

The systemic inflammatory response is the next step in the continuum and is a nonspecific inflammatory state that may be seen with an infection. Sepsis is the presence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with evidence of infection. As the bacteria invade the bloodstream, they release endotoxins that damage the endothelial cell lining and impair the vascular system, coagulation mechanism, and immune system. These endotoxins also trigger the immune and inflammatory responses, which results in the activation of macrophages and CD4 cells that release proinflammatory cytokines to create a systemic inflammatory response to the pathogen. Hospitalized patients may quickly progress from bacteremia to sepsis and finally to septic shock, even with treatment.

A. Sepsis is a life threatening bacterial infection that causes the blood to clot, which will block the flow of blood to the main organs

Sepsis is the number one cause of death in intensive care units in the U.S. More than 750,000 cases of sepsis occur each year and about one third of those patients die from it (McKinney, 2014; Ulloa, 2011). Sepsis is a serious condition that is a result of an inflammatory response to infection that can damage organs if left untreated. Severe sepsis occurs when the infection leads to organ dysfunction. Septic shock is when multiple organ failure occurs due to infection and is worse than sepsis and severe sepsis.

Along with factors such as the increasing age of the population and better recognition of the disease (5), the definition of sepsis has recently changed (6), which makes it difficult to both quantify the incidence and interpret

Sepsis is a substantial health care condition. Jones et al. (2016) describes sepsis as the “11th leading cause of death in the United States ranking 10th in people 65 years of age and older” (p. 122). This impact of mortality from sepsis is devastating to many families in the United States. Facing the health care system also is the cost of septicemia. Septicemia was the most costly and most common reason for hospitalization, as reported by Jones et al (2016) “accounting for 1,094,000 hospital stays and $20.3 billion in aggregated hospital costs, the average cost for an admission for sepsis at $18,600” (p. 122).

Early sepsis is defined as “a suspected or proven infection and the systemic response to infection” (Porth & Matfin, 2009). During early sepsis, a hypodynamic state of vasodilation, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pooling of blood, cellular hypoxia, and vascular damage cause microthrombi. This sequence of events can lead to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and potential death if undetected and untreated. Detection and

Systemic and can quickly become life-threatening with organ failure, including reduced blood pressure and heart failure 1 2

et al., 2008). Sepsis is a frequent cause of admission to intensive care units (ICUs) and it

Is aggressive widespread inflammatory response to infection (sepsis) or perceived invader. Also, ischemia, infarction and injury.

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Septic shock results from bacteria that multiply in the blood and then releases toxins that decrease blood pressure, thus, impairing blood flow to cells, tissues and organs. It is an acute infection, usually systemic, that overwhelms the body (toxic shock syndrome) (Huether & Mccance, 2012). This