The Cognitive Revolution In The 1950s And 1960s

In life, humanity is on a journey much like walking through a forest full of trees that requires consistent observation while navigating the path traveled. Remaining on course is a very important part of arriving at the destination of achievement and success. There is no way to have complete certainty of always arriving on time, as all the variables come into the picture of that journey which psychology also does in relation to the mind. The psychodynamic theory in comparison to the cognitive behavior theory is somewhat well viewed in focus of examining the mental process of what one does based upon what one has thought of doing. To consider the contrast of

PSY 360 Week 1 Individual Assignment Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper (12 points): This paper should be posted as a Word attachment in the Assignment Section and should be consistent with APA guidelines. Prepare a 700-1050-word paper in which you define cognitive psychology. Be sure to address the following topics in your paper. Identify at least four key milestones in the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline. Discuss the importance of behavioral observation in cognitive psychology. PSY 360 Week 2 Individual Assignment Phineas Gage Paper Phineas Gage Paper (12 points): This paper should be posted as a Word attachment in the Assignment Section and should be consistent with APA guidelines. Prepare a 700-1050-word paper in which you explain the role of the brain in cognitive functions. As part of your explanation,

Albert Ellis and Arron Beck are both considered to be the founders of cognitive theory. In the 1950’s, Beck and Ellis focused on cognitive concepts where the increasing importance was applied to the role of cognitive processes in psychiatric (Early & Grady, 2017). Ellis infers that irrational beliefs are the foundation that dysfunctional behaviors stem from and Beck established research that classified depression as a product of an individual’s negative beliefs (Coady & Lehmann, 2016). Cognitive theorists may view problem behavior as either positive or negative reinforcement that is delivered from the environment where an emphasis is placed on what role thoughts play in maintaining the problem (Early & Grady, 2017).

Before cognitive psychology came to be, there were two practices that let to what is known as the cognitive revolution. These two practices are known as introspection and behaviorism. These two practices are very different in the theory behind them as well as the problems behind them.

The introspection and behaviorism movements in psychology both had certain flaws and limitations that did not allow them to examine underlying cognitive processes. However, their flaws in studying psychology were on opposite sides of the same coin. The reconciliation of these two flawed fields, along with some other methods, led to the “cognitive revolution” and the eventual emergence of cognitive psychology (Cognition, p. 13)

In the mid-20th century, three main influences arose that would inspire and shape cognitive psychology as a formal school of thought:

This essay will be focused on two different approaches to cognitive psychology: Cognitive Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Cognitive Neuropsychology is concerned with the patterns of cognitive performance and emphasis on the cognitive effects of brain-damaged patients who suffered lesions, injuries or diseases, providing vest information on normal human cognition. (Eysenck and Keane 2015, p.5) Whereas cognitive neuroscience involves in-depth study of our brain and behaviours. As the brain contains numerous neurones and is so complicated, the cognitive neuroscience emphasis on the biological side of the brain and focuses on the lobes that are divided from the cerebral cortex.

The cognitive viewpoint concentrates on the way individuals recognize prepare and recover information. Cognitive psychologists are intrigued by how memory functions how individuals take care of issues and settle on choices and comparable inquiries. (L.Burton, D.Westen, R. Kowalski, 2012. p.g.19)

With new discoveries that are made every day, the science community in a broad sense has become more complex. As scientists and researchers are publishing new sightings, it brings to light better understandings of ourselves as an individual and as a society at large. This is same impression that could be made for the field of Psychology. Compared to its early establishment, the schools of thought have expanded tremendously. While each school has its own topic of focus, their ideals at times can overlap with one another. When it comes to psychological disorders, the list of possible diagnoses has exponentially increased from the original general categories. Likewise, as psychology as a practice exposed the dimensions of the human mind, it

The shift in thought and methodology that led to the cognitive revolution began with the introspection movement, which influenced the study of behaviorism, and, in turn, led to a completely new way of understanding how to study human behavior.

Behaviourism dominated psychology until the 1950s the premise was individuals had no free will, and behaviour is developed purely through environmental interaction. Moreover, at birth, the human is a blank slate and internal events such as thoughts can only be explained through behaviour (Bennett, 2011). The behaviour movement continued, however, some questions were being raised in relation to research. An example of this was many clients were unable to identify traumatic events that conditioned behaviour therefore, psychology looked to other explanations and this resulted in the cognitive revolution (Bennet, 2011).

Cognitive psychology is the segment of psychology that explores internal mental processes such as visual processing, memory, problem solving, and language. Cognitive psychology also focuses on information processing and the method of how people store, manipulate and use information (Barsalou, 2005). With an emphasis on thought processes, cognitive psychology also explores and discusses thinking and knowledge acquisition as conceptual terms. Well known contributors to the fields, such as Jean Piaget, are especially concerned with the development of cognition and formed stage theories to explain

Cognitive psychology represents the distinction amongst the human mind and a computer that suggest that humans have the ability to process information from around the world just as computer. Cognitive psychology is not old but the newest part of psychology where the information we receive through our

“Some psychologists focus on cognitive functions, others deal with unconscious forces, and still others work only with overt behavior or with physiological and biochemical processes” (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p.2). Although throughout the study of psychology they can all agree that the present was influenced by the past

Cognitive psychology is a pure science based mainly on laboratory experiments and began to revolutionize psychology in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s and became the dominant approach in psychology by the late 1970’s [ (McLeod, 2007) ] according to Saul McLeod. An example of the cognitive perspective would be when one learns to take blood pressure. First you must learn how to manipulate the blood pressure manometer, learn how to hear blood pressure sounds and understand the meaning of the sounds. As each time you practice these activity, you will gain more confidence and competence in performing the task. The strong point of this perspective is that it mostly uses rigorous scientific methods and the approach has had many practical applications. The weakness of this perspective is that it is to simplistic. It ignores the complexity of the human function, biological influences of the human function and it ignores the emotions, conscious experience and free will.