Behaviorism, Cognitive and Humanistic All Summed Up Janice M. Brown Aspects of Psychology Professor Trego November 8, 2012 Behaviorism, Cognitive, and Humanistic Behaviorism, cognitive and humanistic are all perspectives (or theories) of psychology. Behaviorism is a perspective that suggests that all behaviors are learned. What I mean by that is according to John B. Watson who founded the school of psychology, suggests the behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. [ (Cherry, 2012) ] Based on article written by Kendra Cherry, behaviorism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning and there are two major types of conditioning which are Classical conditioning and Operant …show more content…
Cognitive psychology is a pure science based mainly on laboratory experiments and began to revolutionize psychology in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s and became the dominant approach in psychology by the late 1970’s [ (McLeod, 2007) ] according to Saul McLeod. An example of the cognitive perspective would be when one learns to take blood pressure. First you must learn how to manipulate the blood pressure manometer, learn how to hear blood pressure sounds and understand the meaning of the sounds. As each time you practice these activity, you will gain more confidence and competence in performing the task. The strong point of this perspective is that it mostly uses rigorous scientific methods and the approach has had many practical applications. The weakness of this perspective is that it is to simplistic. It ignores the complexity of the human function, biological influences of the human function and it ignores the emotions, conscious experience and free will. Humanistic perspective is a psychological perspective popularized by Carlo Rogers and Abraham Maslow that emphasizes the human capacity for choice and growth. This perspective offers a very positive viewpoint of human nature and potential. It suggests that we are each responsible for our own happiness and well-being as humans. “The humanistic approach emphasizes the personal worth of the individual, the centrality of human
The key element to humanistic perspective is free will. Without it, it would be impossible to reach our goals. When we allow others to control our lives and make decisions for us, our free will has already been used by someone else. That person has the advantage of both our happiness and his in his
The Humanistic Perspective focuses on how people can achieve their fullest potential as individuals who make choices and who take control of responsibility for their mental, social, and personal experiences. It also emphasizes free will and individuals' control of their own behavior. Andrea fulfilled her dreams when in high school by being valedictorian. She also had a home to shelter with her family. She was loved very much by her kid’s husband, and parents.
The Humanistic Theory has a positive view of human nature, especially when compared to Freudian theory, and assumes that people are fundamentally good. The humanistic theory falls under the phenomenological theory and focuses on selfhood. The overarching goals of the humanistic theory are self-actualization, self-fulfillment and self-realization (Hill). This theory suggests that people should be viewed holistically and claims that the client has an innate motivation to reach her full potential. In addition, humanists believe that clients have the potential to determine their own destinies.
This approach is a value orientation, as it holds a useful, hopeful perspective of peoples and their most essential part of self-interest. The humanistic approach influences the belief that intentional and ethical values sometimes immersed psychological effects. The attempt enhances a person talent for interaction of the mind, body, spirit, as well as creativity, etc. The humanistic approach helps to acknowledge facts about that the mind, and it is influenced by determining forces in the unconscious mind and society. It is best to be aware that some can cause destruction, and some are pessimistic. To put it differently, individuals must learn the importance of self-worth and self-respect in the conscious
Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes surrounding learning, memory, perception, and thought. Though it is still a relatively new formal branch of psychology, its roots extend back to Descartes who sought a way to explain how the mind worked, proposing the analogy of a “hydraulic system of nerve function” (Willingham, 2007, p. 26) after he observed animated statues in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. It has been the restless pursuit of not only the idea of how the mind works but also what exactly constituted the mind that eventually led to the foundations of cognitive theory. As psychologists examined how
It emphasizes on observable behaviors rather than on unconscious inner states. Behaviorist believe that human behaviors are molded by experience and that we are the result of what we have learned from our environment. The behaviorist approach gives two ways as to how people learn from their environment: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is when two stimuli (environmental factors) are linked together to produce a new learned response. Operant conditioning is learning from the consequences of behavior. A lot of the studies in behaviorism consist of controlled experiments as it is believed that behavior can be reduced to learned stimulus-response units. Behaviorism assumes that humans are born with a blank slate and are therefore born equal. They believe that it is environmental factors that make us different as opposed to biological factors. Behaviorist believe that cognitions, emotions, and moods are too subjective and that only observable behaviors should be studied. They believe that any person could be trained to perform any task with the right
What humanistic perspective does is allow people to make a destiny for themselves; we latch on to free will. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are the two founders of humanistic, which is still being put to use for self-understanding and self-improvement.
This perspective examines the patient’s motivation behind their thoughts and actions, emphasizing the individuality of the patient. Instead of using medication to treat a patient, the humanistic perspective in psychology would encourage the patient to seek out their own happiness by examining their own individual needs and focus on the positive aspects of their life rather than the negative parts.
You may be asking yourself what exactly is a Humanistic approach to Psychology. Well, it is a method that was originally pioneered by Carl Rogers, which focusses on obtaining self-actualization. It was later put into a different perspective by Abraham Maslow but still relied strongly upon Rogers’ work with the theory.
A behavioral psychologist would explain the psychological symptoms or disorders of depression and anxiety disorders differently from a cognitive-learning psychologist. In terms of depression, a behavioral psychologist would point out behavioral symptoms. Such examples of these symptoms would be fatigue, loss of energy, insomnia, slowed speech and movement, and social withdrawal (pg. 433). Whereas a cognitive-learning psychologist would point out cognitive symptoms. Such examples of this would be impaired ability to think and make decisions, slowed thought processes, excessive worry, rumination, and guilt, self-blame, and unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s worth (pg. 433). In addition, for anxiety disorders, a behavioral psychologist and
Humanistic theory moved away from the Freudian premise of humans needing to "find fault and repair" and with Maslow (1943) as the conceptual founder, began to place emphasis on the positive, arguing that humans (once their basic needs are met) are essentially motivated by the ultimate goal of self actualisation; to realise their fullest potential and be the best that they can be. Additionally, humanistic theory promoted a more logical, pragmatic approach in studying the whole person. Issues were viewed through the eyes of the individual who was experiencing them, the focus being on positive and satisfactory outcomes rather than identifying the source of negative attitudes and/or
Throughout the history of modern psychology there has been no greater breakthrough than the development of the cognitive perspective. From the beginning of the late 1950 's, the cognitive perspective has dominated all other forms of psychology, but to better understand why this perspective rose so quickly one must first understand what it is. The cognitive perspective can best be described as a genre of psychology "concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information." Its rise in popularity and usage can be best attributed to four main historical and cultural factors: it was the first challenge to the learning perspective, the beginning of World War II, the computer and
Humanistic is a psychology approach that highlights the study of the entire person, along with their discreteness. While they evaluate the human behavior not only from the eyes of the witness, but from the eyes of the person doing the behaving. Humanistic psychologist have faith in you that you are actually exceptional and that you are motivated to become conscious of your full capability. The humanistic perspective works on single empowerment. No matter what, you are in a sizable sense, you are motivated to be the best person you know how to be. With each and every choice you make, you are continuously trying to upgrade your life.
Humanistic perspective- Stresses that a person’s capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose one’s own destiny, and positive human qualities. Humanistic psychologists believe that each of us has the ability to cope with stress, to control our lives, and to achieve what we desire. Each of us has the ability to break through and understand ourselves and our world; we can burst the cocoon and become a butterfly, say the humanists.
Humanistic- Recognizes the importance of learning and other psychological processes that traditionally have been the focus of research. Such processes include creativity, hope, love, self fulfillment, personal growth, values, and meaning. Humanists are concerned with the personal growth and potentialities of people. With their positive view of human nature, humanists believe that psychopathology results from the blocking or distortion of personal growth, excessive stress, and unfavorable social conditions.