Portrayal of Islamic Religion in The American Sniper In the contemporary world, many individuals are continually exposed to different types of news, movies, television series, radio programs, media texts and social media among other popular cultures. Such cultural products surround people with images that contribute to the shaping the way they understand different groups of people. Consequently, how facts are portrayed shape our insight of others and negatively impact our opinion and view of a group of people. According to Elbih, the concept of portrayal or representation has the capability to imply that certain media expose, repeatedly, particular situations, stories and images (112). The result of this representation makes the culture appear familiar or natural. One example of the popular culture in the U.S.A is in The American Sniper; a film in which the portrayal and the consequential conflation of Muslims communities were outlined in a manner that they are seen to be the threat to the United States of America (American Sniper). Therefore, The American Sniper demonstrates a very harmful representation of the Muslim populations concealed behind hypnotizing panoramas of the American patriotism. Thus, the focus of this essay will be how The American Sniper portrays negative stereotypes of the Muslim religion as violent while representing a positive stereotype of other religions in America. Portrayal of Muslims in American Sniper Film The American Sniper is a famous movie
This paper will try to explore two theories of the beltway sniper. The first is the conflict theory and the second is the psychological theory. There will be summarizing of the crime (dates, offenders, how they were caught if they were). The two theories will try to explore the crime. Each of the theory will shed light on the reasons for the crime. For this paper, I will provide evidence to which theory seems to be stronger. I will also show any evidence that will lead to the deviant path that was taken. I will be explaining how you determine the path that was taken for the crime. I hope that after reading this the audience will have a better understanding of the conflict and psychological theory of the beltway DC sniper.
We all grew up with tales of dragons and beasts, banished by knights and kings. Stories of righteousness against hellfire in a most innocent way. As we grow older we come to believe that along with our days of youth, we leave behind Disney tales of “good vs. evil”, and the proper notion of an uncomplicated “right or wrong” narrative becomes nothing more than an imprint of a faded memory of what defined the world. In a perfect world, that perspective would ring as gospel amongst the people of the world, and maybe then, and only then, would the world be “perfect”. Though many long for this sort of simplicity in the universe, this is simply not how the world is. Through our storytelling, and our own psychological necessity for an affixed dichotomy
American Sniper by Chris Kyle Do most people worry about getting killed by other countries in the U.S.? Probably not, they trust their troops of active men and women serving for their country. However, in Chris Kyle’s novel American sniper, staying alive is a requirement of the U.S. Navy SEAL. Through characters, conflicts, and theme, Chris Kyle pulls the reader into the story all the way till the last word. After reading this book, people will never look at a american Navy SEAL sniper the same ever again.
The curious case of the Clippers continues to riddle the NBA. Los Angeles has been beset with injuries, controversy, and rumors. Namely those associated with their franchise face, Blake Griffin.
In the sniper short story the main character, which is the Republican sniper has quite a few conflict with different things during the story. One of the first conflicts the sniper has is against hunger. The story quotes “He was eating a sandwich hungrily. He had eaten nothing since morning.” I would consider this conflict man vs. self because he hasn’t been able to feed himself because of being in the war. The republican sniper has a conflict with himself in view of the fact that he is considering smoking but he knows that it is risky. The story quotes “He paused for a moment, considering whether he should risk a smoke. It was dangerous. The flash might be seen in the darkness, and there were enemies watching. He decided to take the risk”. This caused
In this photo a Middle Eastern woman is pointing a gun directly towards the camera, symbolizing the way she, like many others, are stereotyped in America. The picture is clear and concise, with front view and level angles that let the viewers see the struggles she has gone faced. Her face and arms display Arabic writings that symbolize the stereotypes given to them in America: terrorists, muslims, extremists, and fanatics. The picture is limited to the colors black and white to represent the seriousness of this issue. Her eyes staring directly towards the viewer causes them to feel sympathy, leading them to wonder why there is such hate towards Middle Easterners. The concepts of this picture go back to the main idea of the research question
“The American Sniper” by Chris Kyle is an account of the deadliest American sniper ever, called “the devil” by the enemies he hunted and “the legend” by his Navy SEAL brothers. From 1999 to 2009, U.S. Navy SEAL Chris Kyle recorded the most career sniper kills in United States military history. The Pentagon has officially confirmed more than 150 of Kyle's kills (the previous American record was 109). Iraqi insurgents feared Kyle so much they named him al-Shaitan (“the devil”) and placed a bounty on his head. Kyle earned legendary status among his fellow SEALs, Marines, and U.S. Army soldiers, whom he protected with deadly accuracy from rooftops and stealth positions. Kyle presents the gripping and unforgettable accounts of
A collective complaint amongst racial minorities are the preposterous assumptions formulated about them based on movies and television shows. Stereotypes are embraced in countless movies and television shows through the way certain races are portrayed. Common misconceptions that are typically pointed towards a specific race are encouraged by the media. “When the blockbuster ‘True Lies’ debuted in 1994... Arab American advocacy groups staged protests in several major cities... because the film featured a fictional terrorist group called the ‘Crimson Jihad,’ the members of which Arab Americans complained were portrayed as one-dimensionally sinister and anti-American” (Nittle).
When my relatives and I were playing paintball, I was the first one to walk onto the field trying not to get hit by the other team. Being courageous can sometimes be dangerous, like when I walked onto the paintball field not knowing where the enemy was hiding. But being courageous can lead to new adventures. Ty from Street Pharm and the IRA Sniper from “The Sniper” both are courageous because they had to do actions that other people might not be comfortable doing.
Commonly in the United States, even before 9/11, Hollywood has portrayed several stereotypes of the Muslim culture into the American minds. The media’s racial stereotyping of Middle Eastern people has produced consequences for the Muslim culture, such as hate crimes, racial profiling, and discrimination. An abundance of research on film media before 9/11 of the negative impacts of stereotyping from film of the Muslim culture has been done, little has been done to see its relationship to modern stereotypes of the Muslim culture post 9/11 in the Millennial generation. Producing research of the millennial generations views and stereotypes of the Muslim culture through film media has the ability to show a cultural shift. The strongest views and opinions seem to be stemming from the Baby-Boomer generation, and the less vocal generation of the Muslim
In this essay, The Media’s Image of Arabs, the writer focuses on how Arabs are perceived by American. The author, Jack G. Shaheen is a professor Emeritus of Mass communication at southern Illinois University of Chicago. His work on media portrayals of Arabs have earned recognition and awards.
The film “Reel Bad Arabs” attempts to reveal the racist and demeaning representation that Hollywood has placed on Arab and Islamic people. Narrating the film is Dr. Jack Shaheen of Southern Illinois University, who wrote the book upon which the documentary is based. Throughout the film several clips and quotes are used to demonstrate the prejudice and misrepresentation, from such films as The Sheik, The Delta Force, The Indiana Jones Films, Disney’s Aladdin, and The Mummy. Many Arab characters in such films are treated as a “lesser” people, as they are portrayed as either evil, incompetent, sex objects, or savages. The film claims that these false depictions are what fuel American’s racism (against Arabs) and Islamophobia.
The connection between Islam and terrorism was not intensified until the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center that pushed the Islamic faith into the national and international spotlight (Smith, 2013). As Smith (2013) articulated, “Many Americans who had never given Islam a second thought before 9/11 now had to figure out how to make sense of these events and relate to the faith tradition that ostensibly inspired them” (p. 1). One way in which people made sense of these events was through the media channels that influenced their overall opinions by shaping a framework of censored ideas (Yusof, Hassan, Hassan & Osman, 2013). In a survey conducted by Pew Forum (2012), 32% of people reported that their opinions of Muslims were greatly influenced by the media’s portrayal of Islam that depicted violent pictorials and fundamentalist Muslims. Such constant negative depiction is likely to lead to the inevitable—prejudice and hate crime. For instance, in 2002 alone there were approximately 481 hate crimes that were carried out against Muslims (Smith, 2013). Ever since the 9/11 attacks Muslim people have been the target of “suspicion, harassment and discrimination” (Talal, n.d., p. 9).
This survey reveals that the problem with the Islam faith is not racial: The Muslim people are welcomed, the Islam faith is not. The violence that has been perpetrated against America, whether executed or planned, has brought to fruition religious persecution not seen since the persecution of the Jews in W.W.II. This “trust no Arab” attitude has brought shame to the Constitutional intentions of freedom of religion intended by our forefathers, and has set religious tolerance back 200 years. Looking at media representation of Muslim Americans prior to 9-11, it shows religious diversity in America, depicting Muslim America as just another religious community seeking to advance and protect their interests, not unlike other Americans. After 9-11 the media portrayed representations of threat and fear, creating boundaries between Muslims and other Americans. Such depiction transforms the identity of Muslims and American religious pluralism (Byng, M. pg. 3).
As a result, people behave and think negatively under the bad impacts of media. Moreover, by overgeneralizing information about specific religions from media, people can have religious prejudices. For instance, in Chapter 8, “Framing Muslim – Americans before and after 9/11,” in the book Framing Terrorism: The News Media, the Government and the Public, the authors state that in the United States media, the Arab and Muslim Americans are described as terrorists (133). Also, people will keep a distance with Muslims, they don’t even want to work or to participate in social activities with the presence of Muslims. Clearly, after the event of September 11, Muslims became the victims of religious prejudices. In brief, leading prejudices about race and religion are one specific way that media influence people’s subconscious judgments.