Structure And Function Lab Report

A ridge on the skull tells you about the size of the muscles that control the lower jaw.

Enzymes are defined as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions but remain the same themselves. The shape of an enzyme enables it to receive one type of molecule and that specific molecule will fit into the enzyme’s shape. Where a substance fits into an enzyme is called the active site and the substance that fits into the active site is called a substrate. Several factors affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators can all affect enzymes. Temperature can affect enzymes because if the temperature gets too high, it can cause the enzyme to denature. pH can affect an enzyme by changing the shape of the enzyme or the charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. Every enzyme has an ideal pH that it will strive in. Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction because more substrate molecules will be interacting and colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed. Inhibitors can affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions by either slowing down or stopping catalysis. The three types of inhibitors include competitive, non-competitive, and substrate inhibition.

The rest of the enzyme is larger in size and take responsibility for maintaining the specific shape of the enzyme.

Non-competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme away from the active site but change the tertiary stricture of the protein and so the shape of the active sit. This means that the

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, without being used up or changed. Catalase is a globular protein molecule that is found in all living cells. A globular protein is a protein with its molecules curled up into a 'ball' shape. All enzymes have an active site. This is where another molecule(s) can bind with the enzyme. This molecule is known as the substrate. When the substrate binds with the enzyme, a product is produced. Enzymes are specific to their substrate, because the shape of their active site will only fit the shape of their substrate. It is said that the substrate is complimentary to their substrate.

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

Enzymes work by the lock and key theory (Audesirk et al, 2008, page 50) which states that enzymes have a particular location, called an active site, where molecules (called substrate) bind. Because of the shape of the active site only specific molecules can enter. Any change to the shape of the enzyme can affect its ability to bind to the substrate.

Each enzyme is very specific and can only catalyze a certain reaction. The specific reaction catalyzed by an enzyme depends on the molecular structure and shape of a small area of the enzyme’s surface called the active site. The active site an attract and hold only its specific molecules. The target molecule that the enzyme attracts and acts upon is called the substrate. The substrate and the active site of the molecule must fit together very closely. Sometimes the enzyme changes its shape slightly to bring about the necessary fit.

Functional structure and simple structure are the most common forms of structure. Small companies use them forms of structure.

The enzyme activity is affect by its surroundings especially when pH, temperature, and the concentration of activator and inhibitor are involved. When the pH rise or drops out of the enzyme stretch in tolerance, the structure of the protein can be alter or in other worlds denatured. Most of the enzyme in the bodies of humans

From my perspective on structure and direction I have come a conclusion that there are many ways to interpret structure

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.

The Oxford Dictionary of Sociology Defines structure as “A term referring to any recurring pattern of social behaviour or, more specifically, to the ordered interrelationships between different elements of a social system or society… It is sometimes used rather loosely to refer to any observable ‘pattern’ of social activities” More simply put, structure is the

As an enzyme-catalyzed reaction may be the main reason for a reaction to occur faster, many factors can

2. There are different types of organisational structures. Two of them are Organic and Mechanistic.