How, Why Temperature And Ph Effect Enzyme Activity

The temperature can have a major impact on an enzyme. According to Campbell Biology author Reece etc. 2011 “The enzyme reaction will increase as the temperature increase with the increasing temperature….substrates collide with active sites more frequently when the molecules move rapidly.”(Reece etc 2011) Every enzyme hits its optimal temperature the reaction will be at its highest point.(Reece etc. 2011) When the

Background and Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that process substrates, which is the chemical molecule that enzymes work on to make products. Enzyme purpose is to increase the rate of activity and speed up chemical reaction in a form of biological catalysts. The enzymes specialize in lowering the activation energy to start the process. Enzymes are very specific in their process, each substrate is designed to fit with a specific substrate and the enzyme and substrate link at the active site. The binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme is a very specific interaction. Active sites are clefts or grooves on the surface of an enzyme, usually composed of amino acids from different parts of the polypeptide chain that are brought together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein. Substrates initially bind to the active site by noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. Once a substrate is bound to the active site of an enzyme, multiple mechanisms can accelerate its conversion to the product of the reaction. But sometimes, these enzymes fail or succeed to increase the rate of action because of various factors that limit the action. These factors can be known as temperature, acidity levels (pH), enzyme and/or substrate concentration, etc. In this experiment, it will be tested how much of an effect

Changes in temperature and pH along with Substrate Concentration and Enzyme Concentration were the conditions tested in the experiment.

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, without being used up or changed. Catalase is a globular protein molecule that is found in all living cells. A globular protein is a protein with its molecules curled up into a 'ball' shape. All enzymes have an active site. This is where another molecule(s) can bind with the enzyme. This molecule is known as the substrate. When the substrate binds with the enzyme, a product is produced. Enzymes are specific to their substrate, because the shape of their active site will only fit the shape of their substrate. It is said that the substrate is complimentary to their substrate.

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

The enzyme we used is catalase which is a common enzyme found in many organisms. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide producing oxygen and water. For this experiment, we followed the protocols set out in Principles of Biology Laboratory Manual. In order to test the hypothesis, there were test tubes containing hydrogen peroxide incubated at different temperatures to understand the effects of temperature on enzyme activity. Test tubes containing potato pieces treated in different pH levels and Spec-20 were to understand effects of pH on enzyme activity.

Overall we are testing the enzyme activity by either heating or cooling liver to a specific temperature and mix it with peroxide, so we can see the difference by watching the

Note that the enzyme remains unchanged so that more of the some substrates can react.

Temperature affects the rate of which the enzyme reacts, enzymes react typically faster in hotter temperatures than colder. Ph levels that are extremely low or high can stop enzyme activity completely or slow them down.If there is more enzyme concentration the reaction is quicker because enzymes become constant. Also if substrate activity increases, so the reaction time speeds up until maximum is reached.

Each enzyme is very specific and can only catalyze a certain reaction. The specific reaction catalyzed by an enzyme depends on the molecular structure and shape of a small area of the enzyme’s surface called the active site. The active site an attract and hold only its specific molecules. The target molecule that the enzyme attracts and acts upon is called the substrate. The substrate and the active site of the molecule must fit together very closely. Sometimes the enzyme changes its shape slightly to bring about the necessary fit.

Enzymes have a certain shape which when the right chemical molecule for that enzymes shape comes along, it will match the shape perfectly. The area of the certain shape is referred to as the active site of an enzyme, and the molecule that the enzyme works on is known as the substrate. The shape of an enzyme only matches with one type of molecule (Abpischools.org.uk, 2016). Different factors can affect the rate at which enzymes work, the main two factors are pH and temperature. By increasing the temperature, the kinetic energy of the enzyme and the substrate molecules increases as well, this means that they move around faster and have a higher chance of colliding with a molecule.

Temperature controls the speed the enzymes work at. Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy which increases the chance of collision therefore speeding up the rate of

In the experiment, temperature was used to influence the enzymes, potato juice, in our experiment. How does temperature affect the rate at which the enzyme catalase can catalyze its specific reaction? If the temperature increases then the rate of activity does increase. Begin the experiment by inserting 10 milliliters of 100% enzyme solution, potato juice, into two small beakers

Enzymes owe their activity to the precise three-dimensional shape of their molecules. According to the 'lock-and-key' hypothesis, the substrates upon which an enzyme fit into a special slot in the enzyme