Post Traumatic Brain Injury Analysis

The article starts by an example of Matt Masterantuono has an concussion during an Ultimate Frisbee tournament in Walla Walla, Washington, which gives some background information to the readers. Then it started talk about the brain injuries or TBIs, traumatic brain injury. According to www.traumaticbraininjury.com, traumatic brain injury is a brain dysfunction caused by a force hitting the head. I learned that football players are most likely to have TBIs.

Concussion, also known as minor head trauma or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. It is typically defined as a head injury with a temporary loss of brain function. Symptoms include a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, which may not be recognized if subtle. A variety of signs accompany concussion including headache, feeling in a fog, and emotional changeability. In general, the signs can be categorized into physical signs (such as loss of consciousness or amnesia), behavioral changes (such as irritability), cognitive impairment (such as slowed reaction times), and sleep disturbances.[1] Fewer than 10% of sports-related concussions among children are associated with loss of consciousness.[2]

Imagine one day your are totally isolated from your friends and even some of your family for several months. The sight of light brings instant pain to your head and you begin to go through life with a constant migraine and no way to help make it go away. The sports and activities you have played your whole life, you can no longer play due to the symptoms of your injury. These are just a few of the repercussions student Lily Winton had after her tubing accident the summer of her Junior year of high school that caused her to have her third and very serious concussion.

Traumatic brain injury in general is characterized by the changes in brain function due to some sort of a biomechanical force induced by either directly or indirectly as a hit or blow to the head (Facts and Prevention, 2015). Mild traumatic brain injury, which will be considered as equivalent term with concussion, was defined by the International Conference on Concussion in Sport as a complex pathophysiological process induced by biomechanical forces (Mccrory et al., 2013). This penetrating head injury will disrupt the normal function of the brain. The cause of sports-related brain injury can be induced by a direct or indirect blow to the head. Injury can also be caused by the force of impulse due to impacts on other parts of the body being

The aftermaths of repetitive brain trauma - symptomatic concussions and other blows to the heads of different severity - has been a topic of medical discussion since the 1930’s...Yes the THIRTIES. There have been a lot of scientific research into the effect of concussions and how coaches, personnels and teams should deal with players who have been concussed. In 1933, the NCAA educated all of its schools on the correct procedures of dealing with a concussed player. The NCAA thought that brain trauma weren’t taken seriously as they should be. A procedure in the NCAA medical handbook that stands out is to not allow concussed players to practice until the symptoms don’t show for 48 hours. If the symptoms are present after 48 hours, they should

When looking at the direction the Criminal Justice System should take in reference to the future, one needs to look into the past. This is a concept that most governmental bodies fail to due adequately. The saying “history repeats itself” is a proven fact which is ignored over and over. The military is a clear example of this as it relates to our veterans. The most ignored aspect of the military is the re-introduction of the returning veteran into the community. This aspect has now become a growing issue in the criminal justice system and will continue to grow as we fight the war on terror around the world.

Being home and at school are the primary locations for students and adolescents and where they spend the most time of their day. When a student is diagnosed with a TBI, it can dramatically affect their school performance. After a student experiences a TBI, school is one one of the many stepping stones where recovery and development is offered and can be used as an intervention. For schools to be able to offer the appropriate educational measures adjusted for the needs of the student, the appropriate support and recovery process for the student, schools having the appropriate documentation and knowledge about the student’s injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health problem that can lead to death or long-term disability even in people with mild TBI, especially in young population (Menon et al., 2010). More than 1.3 million visits to emergency department in the United States report for TBI (Faul et al., 2010). TBI can lead to sundry impairments and disabilities in physical , functional, cognitive, emotional and social realms which remarkably reduce health-related quality of life(HRQL) (Scholten et al., 2015: Andelic et al., 2009). TBI can be classified according to it severity into mild-moderate and sever TBI. Mild TBI (MTBI) also termed concussion score for over 77% of the entire reported TBI cases in the United States. About 40% of these cases are frequently

War comes with many injuries some physical and some invisible more often in this society the invisible wounds could take a short time to show or an extended time. Along the path another war is fought in the homes while the invisible injuries are taking their tole on the individual many more casualties come from the act of war and they did not even deploy. Other victims of war include citizens of war torn countries, who are often affected both psychologically as well as physically. Mother and fathers sent to war, away from their children unable to form a relationship. Marriages broken apart, The man left alone trying to cope with his own injuries. These things change a man, it changes his outlook on life making it challenging to complete everyday

An expanding area of occupational therapy (OT) practice that I have considerable interest in is the rehabilitation of veterans who have suffered a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The field of occupational therapy made considerable advances and experienced a boom in theory advancement internationally following World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War when servicemen were returning with considerable physical and cognitive disabilities (Peloquin & Punwar, 2000). Unable to financially contribute to their households, as well as socially readapt, veterans were in need of professionals who could provide new avenues of productivity, as well as strategies for daily

People in West Virginia, and throughout the U.S., commonly suffer traumatic brain injuries. In 2010, patients were diagnosed with these types of injuries in 2.2 million emergency department visits, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Generally, occurring when people suffer a blow, bump or jolt to their bodies or heads, traumatic brain injuries may be caused by any number of factors. This may include motor vehicle collisions, falls, assaults, and other types of accidents. Regardless of how they are sustained, these types of injuries may have lasting implications for those who suffer them, and their families.

The elevated plus maze has strong claims to validity as an animal model of anxiety,The apparatus and the testing procedure were carried out as originally described by Pellow and associates [31]. The EPM apparatus was made of wood and consisted of Two opposite open arms (50×10 cm) had no walls and the other two closed arms (50×10 cm) had 50 cm high walls made of clear Plexiglas. The model is based on rodents' aversion of open spaces.The open and closed arms were connected by a central square (10×10 cm) and was elevated 50 cm above the floor. Rats from each group were placed in the central square of the Plus-Maze facing an open arm and were then allowed to explore the apparatus. And their activity were videotaped for

1.5 million people in the United State of America have a traumatic brain disorder (TBI). These disorders have symptoms of memory dysfunction, depression and anxiety; Dr. Byrnes and her team at the Uniformed Services University have examined mouse models to find the cellular mechanisms for these symptoms.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has emerged as a significant health issues during current the course of current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, which affects military service members and veterans during the times of both peace and war. Other than the blast related TBI, which is mostly experienced by service members in war zone, a large no of civilian populations approximately 1.5 million per year suffer from non-blast traumatic brain injuries caused by car accidents, fall, sports-related accidents or assaults. Axonal damage is known to be the primary pathophysiological feature of blast related TBI. However, understanding the effect of axonal injury in brain connectivity is difficult to diagnose in living patients. Advancement of more sophisticated imaging technology like Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Resting state fMRI correlation analysis (fcMRI) may help us not only to learn more about these injuries but also will facilitate the diagnosis or treatment plan for individuals suffering

Patients who experience a TBI may lack self-control and self-awareness and as a result may act out impulsively without thinking. Impulsive and socially inappropriate behavior results from decreased reasoning abilities and lack of control. Self-awareness requires complex thinking skills that are often weakened after brain injury. Depression and an alteration in mood states, such an anxiety, anger, and hostility, are common problems experienced after a traumatic brain injury. These changes, in turn, have a significant impact on occupational performance, including employment, academic pursuits, leisure, and social participation (Driver & Ede, 2009; Hoffman, Bell, Powell, Behr, Dunn, Dikmen, & Bombardier, 2010). Researchers have discovered that physical activity significantly improves behaviors as well as mood states in individuals with TBI. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has been associated with positive effects on mood and self-esteem, and it promotes a general sense of well-being with those who had suffered from a TBI. In clinical populations, exercise has been shown to be a good adjunctive treatment for depression and anxiety (Lee et al., 2014; Zollman, 2011; Wheeler, Acord-Vira, & Davis, 2016). Evidence from a Level I study supports the use of aquatic exercise to improve tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion with people 6 months to 5