Photosynthesis Lab Report

Photosynthesis, in autotrophs, is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy that is able to be used by the cell. Using the energy captured from the sun, plants store this energy in the bonds of carbohydrates, which can be later used for life processes, such as protein synthesis. Photosynthesis can be summarized by the following chemical equation:

Photosynthesis occurs each time the sun’s light reaches the lives of a plant. The chemical ingrediants for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas that passes from the air into a plant via tiny pores, and water (H20), which absorbed from the soil by the plant’s roots. Inside leaf cells, tiny structures called chloroplasts use light energy to rearrange the atoms of the ingrediants to produce sugars, most importantly glucose (C6H12O6) and other organic molecules. Chlorophyll gives the plant its green color (Simon, 02/2012, pp. 92-93). Chemical reactions transfers the sun’s light energy into the chemical bonds that hold energy-carrying molecules. The most common are

Abstract: The purpose of this lab is to separate and identify pigments and other molecules within plant cells by a process called chromatography. We will also be measuring the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. Beta carotene, the most abundant carotene in plants, is carried along near the solvent front because it is very soluble in the solvent being used and because it forms no hydrogen bonds with cellulose. Xanthophyll is found further from the solvent font because it is less soluble in the solvent and has been slowed down by hydrogen bonding to the cellulose. Chlorophylls contain oxygen and nitrogen and are bound more tightly to the paper than the other pigments.

“Photosynthesis is a biochemical process for building carbohydrates using energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide taken from the air”, (Morris, J. (2016) Biology How Life Works. New York, NY.). It is a system that uses plants and specific algae to synthesize molecules from both water and carbon dioxide. The oxygen we breathe and the food we eat is fueled by photosynthesis because it is an energy source. Photosynthesis occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and some examples are humans, trees, and plants. Biological systems use photosynthesis as an energy source. Where there is a source of sunlight, there is a chance

Photosynthesis is a food making process for algae and plants. The photosynthesis process rate varies from different wavelengths and intensities of light. This lab will evaluate the optimal wavelengths and degrees of intensity during photosynthesis when chloroplast is exposed to light. The mixtures of DCPIP with water, PO4 buffer, and chloroplast will be prepared in a number of cuvettes. The cuvettes were tested individually at different wavelengths and intensities to find the optimal rate of photosynthesis by using a spectrophotometer, measuring the greatest change in absorbance. From this experiment, two data charts and four graphs were obtained. The hypothesis was set from graphs obtained in this lab, and the optimal reaction

If the Rf factor of a pigment is .3750 and the distance that the solvent traveled is 8 cm, how far did the pigment travel? (5 points) 3cm ~~8. List the Rf values for each of the pigments extracted from the spinach leaves, as seen in the chromatography procedure (4 points). a. Carotene 1 b. Xanthophyll .08 c. Chlorophyll a .75 d. Chlorophyll b .8 ~~9. Based on the results, which pigment has the highest molecular weight?

In the beginning of this experiment, our TA added water, salt, and 75/25 hexane/acetone to spinach leaves to a blender and blended the mixture to assume equal amounts for each group and to avoid erros if each student had to do the blending. The addition of the water to the mixture allowed the it to separate into a distinct organic layer after being run in a centrifuge, which was available to be collected at the top of the centrifuge. Salt reduces solubility, which will force the organic parts of the mixture (the desired pigments for example) to separate into the organic layer at the top. Lastly, 75/25 hexane/acetone is added because this is a moderately polar solvent and will useful for both the non-polar and polar pigments present within the spinach leaves. A mixed solution of hexanes and acetone must be used because acetone is very polar, while hexane in very non-polar, and the spinach leaves contain both non-polar and polar pigments in them that are important in the extraction and for further analysis. The mixture was placed in the centrifuge so the solids in the mixture (mostly cellulose) could be separated from the liquids into separate distinct layers for further extraction and testing. In the tube, the organic substances separated into the top layer, whereas the water layer remains at the bottom of the tube below the solid layer made up of mainly cellulose.

After wearing the gloves we obtained a chromatography vial from professor and label it with my and my peer initials. We dried up the chromatography vial in fume hood and added 1 ml of chromatography solvent to the vial. Then we took a chromatography strip and measure it 1.5 cm with ruler from one end of the strip and drew a line with pencil we cut two small pieces below the pencil line to form a pointed end. We applied spinach on the strip using quarter to rub the spinach leaf on the line that we drew on the strip and put it into the chromatography vial and placed that in fume hood. We observed as the solvent was moving up the chromatography strip by capillary action. When the solvent was reached approximately 1 cm from the top of the strip then we removed the cap from the vial. We took out the strip from the vial using forceps and marked up the location of the solvent front because it evaporates quickly. We measure out the distance as well as the pigment in order to find out the rf value. Moreover we compared rf values to the one in reference list in order to identify the

For lab 12, it is hypothesized that chlorophylls a and b are present in a plant leaf and contribute to the starch production in photosynthesis. Also, products of photosynthesis will be present in leaf tissue exposed to red and blue light wavelengths for several days, but a decreased presence in leaf tissue exposed to green and black light wavelengths. In lab 13, it is expected that since chlorophylls a and b are more polar and smaller molecules than the anthyocyanins and carotenoids, they will travel higher up the chromatography paper than the other pigments.

Photosynthesis is a huge concept to learn and understand in the field of biology. Plants have their own special way of using the ATP they produce. Photosynthesis is a process where plants harness the sunlight they receive and they produce carbohydrates, as well as oxygen for living things and other plants. Now the sunlight ultimately powers the process of

What do the Rf values reveal and conclusion The Rf Values highlight that the separate of chlorophyll evidently works better on Paper chromatography due to the polar and nonpolar molecules and depends on how soluble and less soluble the compounds are as polar molecules only dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar only dissolve in nonpolar solvents this could be why the chlorophyll didn’t travel as far on the silica plate due to the certain solvent what was used. Additionally, as the solvent reaches an area that contains the plant pigment, it dissolves in and moves with the solvent up the chromatogram plate with the solvent. The solvent carries the dissolved pigments as it increasingly moves up the plate. However, separation occurs due to pigments of the chlorophyll having a different solubility, so the chlorophyll pigments travel at different rates the less soluble pigments will move slowly up the plate whereas the more soluble will travel at a quicker pace and is known as developing a chromatogram. Revealing why the chlorophyll didn’t travel along the

Pigments extracted from different greens have different polarities and may be different colors. Mixed pigments can be separated using chromatography paper. Chromatography paper is able to separate mixed pigments due to their polarity and solubility. Pigments of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and beta carotene will be separated on chromatography paper because each has its own polarity and solubility, which results in different distance traveled up the paper. Beta carotene is non-polar so it travels the highest distance, followed by chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b is the most polar; therefore, it travels the shortest distance. The separated pigments on the chromatography paper can be eluted in acetone and absorbance spectrum is

The Effect of Light Intensity in Photosynthesis Introduction Photosynthesis is a process in which autotrophic organisms use sunlight to produce sugar. When light is absorbed by the leaf pigments, chlorophyll, the electrons are boosted to a higher energy level. This then allows the leaves to produce the sugar or ATP, adenosine triphosphate (Farabee). There are two parts of photosynthesis, light dependent and light independent. In this lab, the focus was light dependent, by monitoring the light intensity to do photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a vital process that autotrophs use to transfer light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis ultimately produces O2 and glucose. It, like many other biological processes, can be affected by environmental variables. The variable that we altered in the following experiment are intensity, light wavelengths, and pigment types. In order to do this, we conducted three experiments. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of light intensity by placing vials with chloroplasts with DPIP at different light distances in which the results varied. Initially, 30cm away was the most effective for photosynthesis. Then 24cm appeared to be the most effective. Followed by 49cm at minutes 25 and 30. In the second experiment, we

All this lights have equally conurbation towards plants growth but without any light then there is no process of photosynthesis which means there no plant growth at all. Photosynthesis is the procedure whereby radian vitality from the sun is changed over to the concoction bond vitality of glucose. In plants it happens in chloroplasts which concentrated cells. Chlorophyll atoms are instrumental in the first step, which is the change of light vitality to the substance bond vitality of ATP. Vitality to change carbon dioxide and hydrogen to glucose is then given by the ATP. Oxygen is discharged as a waste result of procedure. The reaction is shown below: