M2M Gap Analysis

Less than a decade ago, the telecom operators in the U.S., Western Europe, and Japan were upgrading their existing networks to high-speed 3G technologies. Now the world telecommunications industry is about the switching to the next-generation super-fast 4G technologies.

By upgrading our systems with fiber, little cells, in-building frameworks, reception apparatuses and other limit boosting advancements, we 're not just expanding our capacity to meet today 's surging interest for remote information and video; we 're likewise getting our system prepared for 5G slight innovations. It has the possibility considerably to increment the throughput and responsiveness of remote systems. As we have done with past change shifts in system design, Verizon plans to lead the path to the 5G world and has as of now worked with innovation accomplices to build up the principles also, advertise applications that will drive arrangement. We hope to direct trials of 5G in 2016 and move forcefully to business method from that point. We trust that 5G will be the establishment for another rush of development and purchase advantages in such regions as versatile video, savvy urban communities, and different applications work in progress.

This change is a sign of future trends in telecom – the adoption of high-bandwidth 5G technology and the Internet of Things

There is need for backhaul to connect the small cells to the core network, internet

Neither is slowing down, particularly the IoT. According to analysis firm Gartner, the number of IoT devices will hit 20.8 billion by 2020. The world population is expected to reach 8 billion in 2020, meaning there will be 2-½ IoT devices per person on the entire planet. In 2016, the IoT was growing at the rate of 5.5 million new things getting connected every day.

In order to minimize the energy consumption at the end device and the usage of the Cellular spectrum should be used only if necessary [17]. We can aggregate Wi-fi and Cellular link Based on the detailed information available for a certain application is possible [18], and can be compared in terms of benefits as well as drawbacks.

There has been continuously increasing demand for high data rates and mobility required by new wireless applications which needs to be addressed by 5G networks.

Utilizing the backhaul system for millimeter wave, there are mainly two types of topology design [34]. First one is called single gateway node model which is shown as Figure 2.9. In this scenario, the small base stations not only handle their own traffic, but also accumulate traffic for the other small base stations further along the branches of the tree. For more efficiency, point to point links that are closer to the gateway node require higher capacity. The frequency bands used in each connection must be considered carefully in order to meet the capacity requirement and also minimize the interference [35].

An investment in layer 3 switching technology is recommended to take advantage of the Fibre Optic upgrade

Abstract— The ultimate goal of Fiber Wireless (FI-WI) networks is to convergence of various optical and wireless technologies under a single infrastructure in order to take advantage of their complementary features and therefore providing a network capable of supporting bandwidth hungry emerging applications for both fixed and mobile clients. The Fi-Wi architecture is based on radio

data from the device to the network, and back again with 5G that communication path that will allow

An article published by Hegal Bar-El (2015) in InnovationInsight, IDC a researcher firm IoT market will reach $3 trillion and 30 billion devices will used by 2020. As per Bar-El (2015) five challenges with IoT security and these are as below:

Small cell backhaul connects small cells with mobile network operator. As mobile network operators begin to deploy growing numbers of small cells in order to meet the rapidly increasing demand for mobile data capacity, and to utilize the maximum spectrum we use backhaul. The major challenge facing them is how to provide efficient and cost-effective backhaul solution.

Thus, a mobile station able to operate on several technologies should roam freely from one interface to another, being able to maintain its network connection and the QoS required by higher layer applications. The vertical handover is a very important capability in the future wireless communication era, where an integrated network grouping multiple technologies will try to offer a global broadband access to mobile users. However, compared to the horizontal handover, the signal strength metric is sometimes not suited and often not sufficient to appropriately trigger the vertical handover: as heterogeneous networks have different system characteristics, their performance cannot be simply compared using the signal strength of two cells [12]. At a particular position, there may be more than one network (WLAN, WCDMA and Wi-Max) available. On the other hand it may happen that the desired network, through which the vehicle is communicating currently, is not available at a particular area. Thus it is required to change the network immediately to ensure QoS. Vertical handoff enables seamless terminal, personal and network mobility. It provides for continuity and transfer of existing sessions. Vertical handoff can be separated into three phases: network discovery, handoff decision, and handoff execution [8]. This paper aims at defining an efficient user-driven vertical handover mechanism which does not require any change on network and Protocol

The US telecom industry target for mass 5G deployment is the end of this decade.