Health Promotion Model Analysis

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors (Glanz et al, 2008). This model focuses on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The Health Belief Model motivates people to take action. The HBM is based on the understanding that a person will take a health-related action using six key constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy (Glanz et al, 2008).

Health belief model was one of the first and most widely recognized theories of health behavior. (Butts & Rich, 2011). This theory was formulated in an attempt to predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitude and beliefs of individuals. It is aimed to determine the likelihood of an individual to participate in health-promotion and disease prevention programs. (Kozier & Erb, 2011). This theory postulated that if a patient is well- motivated, there is a possibility that he will participate in these activities. Motivation can be derived by the individual's perceptions towards his condition. According to Becker (1974), individual perceptions include patient's perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness of the disease and perceived threat.

As high rates of drug used among aboriginals is linked to poverty, inability to cope, income, and education it is imperative to resolve the drug issue. In order to lower the rate of drug use among aboriginals, proper education must be disseminated. Creating a supportive environment is a strategy that can help in educating the aboriginals how to get out of poverty. As demonstrated in a study many interviews expressed the need to be educated about drugs, but expressed it should take in consideration their culture. This would also mean community immersion and understanding Aboriginals as a people, not just statistical facts (Theng & Al, 2013). The government and marketing campaigns in collaborations with the community health nurses can implement this strategy through various activities such as creating poster/pamphlets in Aboriginals languages; organizing cost free informative sessions in their locale to help them cope better in their everyday life. This way Aboriginals can access quality education about the substance abuse, symptoms and how to cope better with underlying issues

This research question is well tied to Pender’s Health Promotion Model. The research question will highlight in some ways activities that individual do on their own to care for their disease, such as diet, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and following up with their health care providers as recommended through their plan of care (Polit & Beck, 2012). It also will show emphasis of the health promotion model, incorporating the health promoting behaviors through modification of their prior behaviors to ones that will allow them to live a somewhat healthier life with their new diagnosis. In the same token, the patients will have to have conscious awareness of the benefits of this change in their lifestyle, identify the barriers that can hinder the change from happening and know what benefits they will get out of it so they can enable themselves to commit to more health-promoting behaviors (Polit & Beck, 2012). This model can help nurses empower their patient to advocate for their health, to understand that they have to coexist with their environment (interpersonal and situational barriers) and yet still able to learn to make wise choice, especially when it comes to health, and be able to relate priorities (Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, 2010).

The Health Belief Model (HBM) attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. This is accomplished by focusing on the beliefs and attitudes of individuals. This theory was first developed in the 1950s by social psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels, who were working in the U.S. Public Health Services at that time, in response to the public health concerns about the widespread reluctance to accept screening for tuberculosis, cervical cancer screening, immunizations, and other preventive measures that were provided for free or with a nominal charge. This particular model attempts to describe why some people who are free of illness, will take actions to prevent illness, whereas others failed to do so (Pender, 2016). Since its development,

The Health Belief Model is one of the most widely used models to explain the preventive health behaviour. Health Belief Model (HBM) was initially developed in the early 1950’s by a group of social psychologists, to create awareness among masses regarding preventive measures about fatal diseases. It was the first conceptual model of behaviour developed with a concern for public health issues. This was an effort to provide a framework for analysing why some people who were illness free take actions to avoid illness, whereas others failed to take such protective action. The model explains the factors that motivate individuals to engage in behaviour for a healthy living.

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is another model that is commonly used to study disease. However, its application to this proposal is limited by the focus on personal perception of disease rather than interpersonal and environmental issues that determine disease management (Rosenstock & Hochbaum, 2010). Similarly, the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) is also commonly used to determine the reasoning for behavior. Although IBM addresses the attitude of an individual toward a certain behavior, it relies on the exclusion of environmental variables and is thus, like the other models, less effective for this research than SCT (Glanz et al.,

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is the theoretical and standard model based and aimed to envisage, describe and having knowledge on health behavior. It was developed in 1950s and it has been used for half an era to encourage medical compliance, and health screening. HBM is established for an individual to understand, by taking health-related issues serious and takes necessary action when having impressions on undesirable health condition, which can be avoided, and having optimistic belief by receiving a suggested action. The health belief model explained the reason why individuals and the public failed to partake in a platform to identify or avoid illness. The model has been expanded to explain reactions to signs, illness, recommended treatments, and impending health complications. HBM has help and support nurses by formulating

Health Belief Model was developed to help and explain public beliefs, behaviors and practices related to health issues. This model guides nurses to choose effective educational strategies unique to the individual. The nurse considers the needs and capability of the patient while developing an action plan specific to the one making health behavior changes.

The Health Belief Model is used to anticipate and explain health behavior. Health belief model was developed in the 1950s by Social Psychologists at the US Public Health Services to describe and predict health-related behaviors. Through this model, nurses determine a patient’s health belief, the risk of diseases, and readiness in which patient is willing to take appropriate effort to make a healthy lifestyle change.

Both the health belief model (HBM) and theories of reasoned action/planned behavior (TRA/TPB) are two model that has their root from psychology. Both models rely on social cognition as a mechanism to change individuals’ behaviors. Opponent criticizes the models for being unable to target social influence outside of an individual and overlook difference between target audiences.

Health promotion model is available and possible to apply in education. Definitely, the community and students need more program about health education. For example, alcohol substance abuse prevention program, nutrition program, smoking program, sexual abuse program, and communicable disease program (Ickes, 2011). I will provide the first program in this paper, alcohol substance abuse program. It is essential each student has information about alcohol substance abuse based on alcohol substance abuse prevention program (Ickes, 2011). This program will teach students to know and understand what are the risk factors and disadvantages about substance abuse generally. When students acquire

Being one of the oldest theories the Health Belief Model was designed in order to provide an explanation of why individuals did or did not utilize public health departments services designed for preventative measures. The six constructs that make up the Health Belief Model are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers, cues to action, and self –efficacy.

Conner and Norman, 1995 describe the health belief model as ‘the oldest and most widely used model in health psychology’. It originated in the 50’s and was developed further by Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegals throughout the 1980’s for health education programmes and to predict different health behaviours and responses to treatments. The four terms that are the basis for the HBM are perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived severity and perceived benefits. The behaviour of the individual depends on their belief that they are susceptible to a health problem, how serious they deem it to be, whether they think that treatment will benefit them and if there are barriers that may get in the way.

The health belief model: Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, Self-Efficacy (Bandura, 2001). The self-efficacy focus on an individual’s confidence in their ability to