Title: The Effects of Freezing on Germination Rate
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment was to discover which species out of three seeds would have the germination rate be the most negatively affected after being frozen for several days. Seed banks store frozen seeds which implied that freezing seeds doesn’t cause any major damage to the seeds. However, some species of seeds would probably be more resistant to being frozen than others. Seeds are native to and are grown in many different types of environments some of which are much warmer and colder than others so there seemed to be a possibility that plants from colder environments would produce seeds less susceptible to damage from low temperatures.
Experimental Question: How does
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The average number of bean seeds that sprouted in the control groups was 1.5 and the average number that sprouted in the freezer groups was 3. Overall, the beans had the lowest germination rate out of all three species. In all of the groups of squash seeds except for the freezer group in trial 1, 6 seeds sprouted. The freezer group in trial 1 had 7 seeds that sprouted. The average number of seeds that germinated in the squash control groups was 6 and in the freezer groups the average was 6.5. Overall, the squash seeds had the highest germination rate. The pea seeds had the most variation in the number of seeds that germinated. In trial 1, 3 seeds germinated in the control group and 4 seeds germinated in the freezer group, 133.3% more than the control. In trial 2, the control group had five seeds that germinated, 3 more than the two that germinated in the freezer group which had only 40% as many seeds as the control. On average, 4 seeds sprouted in the control groups and 3 seeds sprouted in the freezer …show more content…
There were also procedural problems including imprecise measurement of the water at the beginning of the setup, inconsistent seed placement on the paper towels and irregular times at which the seeds were observed and watered. Also, the seeds were placed very close together which resulted in roots growing over into other paper towels and the faster spread of mold. This mold, which began growing on some of the seeds within a few days, was a major factor. Because the mold began to spread to other seeds and because none of the seeds sprouted after mold had grown, the moldy seeds probably should have been removed. There were also a couple breaks in the pattern of observing and watering the seeds
The experiment was begun by obtaining four 8 oz. Styrofoam cups and punching a hole through the bottom of them. This hole was for water entry or excess water drainage. Moistened soil was packed to the 1/2 full line in the cup along with 3 fertilizer pellets The cups were labeled the following: Rosette-H20, Rosette-GA, Wild-Type-H2O, and Wild-type- GA.(Handout 1) A small wooden applicator stick was obtained a moistened at the tip with water from the petri dish labeled ‘water.’ This was to be able to attract the seed to the applicator in order to place the seed from its original container into
How did the substitution of varying liquids for water affect the germination of lima bean seeds?
This experiment began on the first day of lab by planting 12 total seeds from the F1 generation in six individual cells. Potting soil was added until each cell was a little
Then I put another 2 pieces of cheesecloth(15cm x 15cm) on top of the seeds and sprayed it with water again. After 3 days, seeds germinated and small radicles were seen. I chose 30 seeds, so that the length of the radicles were approximately the same. All seeds germinated in approximately the same time as they were in the same conditions, however, the time did differ by a negligible period, which is why I had more seeds to start with and chose the ones with approximately the same length of
All five groups recorded the outcomes that they established. For our bench, we found that nine raddish seeds in the control dish, zero raddish seeds in the eucalyptus dish, and four radish seeds in the lemon dish germinated and sprouted. Our bench also found that the average seed length for the control was thirty one millimeters, for the Eucalyptus was zero. and for the Lemon was eight and a half. Below, is a chart and graph that shows the whole data as averages from all five benches. Each bench did the exact same experiment so we knew nothing would be biased.
Discussion: To my surprise, I was correct in my hypothesis. I figured bean seeds needed sunlight to germinate quickly, so outside in the warm temperature with the sunlight was the obvious choice. I then figured no sunlight would take the longest so I put the outside with no sunlight last. That left me with inside sunlight to be in the middle, and I was correct. If I were to do this experiment again I would test more factors, such as different locations, and wait longer to see more accurate results.
The third step that was taken was germinating the seeds. Two sets of paper towels were used to germinate the
The garden bean and castor bean are considered to be epigeous because during germination the cotyledons are carried above ground level by the extending hypocotyl. In both bean seedlings, the extended hypocotyl shapes into a hook, but eventually straightens out pulling the cotyledon above the ground. In contrast to the garden and castor bean, the germination process of the pea is considered to be hypogeous. In this process, the cotyledons remain under the surface and the hypocotyl doesn’t extend. During hypogeous germination of the pea seedling, the epicotyl extends and forms a hook, which eventually lifts the plumule from underground as it straightens out.
Before, I started I made a prediction for the experiment. I thought the salt on top of the seed and inside the paper towel would soak up water and dehydrate the seed and make the paper towel go dryer
Take a clean paper towel or coffee filter. Moisten it. Place 10 or 20 seeds onto it (10 is better). Fold the seeds. If you use exactly ten seeds, you will find it much better to calculate the percentage of germination after that. Here is why. If 5 out of 10 seeds germinate, then 50% of your seeds will grow during the season. That's pretty risky. So you need more than 70% or else planting will not be worth the effort. Ideally, 8 or 9 out of 10 seeds will sprout. However, if you get less than 70%, you had better not put work into it at all. Buy new seeds for the upcoming planting season.
Seed containers hold on trees until in any event the accompanying Summer. There are around 300 suitable seeds for every gram; seeds begin to develop in around 7 days if developed at 25°C with no pretreatment required (Mana gums, Peter McIntyre 2000)
1. Allow the seeds to germinate for three days prior to the experiment. Prior to the first day,
Of the four soils tested, Vigoro and Miracle-Gro were the only two which indicated a Phosphate content. However, Miracle-Gro was wet when taken out of the bag, so the additional watering every 3 days may have caused an excess amount of water which explains the lower amount of growth despite the phosphate content. The key component that explains why the Vigoro seeds grow the most successfully out of all those planted, is the fact that in the Vigoro soil, the bean seed sprouted before the soil molded. In Scotts, Jiffy, and Miracle-Gro, the soil molded before there was any indication of seed growth, which ultimately hindered the bean plant from growing as fast as it did in Vigoro. The reason why many of the seeds in all four soils did not grow at all, was due to the fact that the seeds had rotted before they had even sprouted. Therefore, to improve for future experiments, the seeds should be germinated beforehand in order to ensure that the experiment is truly testing plant growth, and not just whether the soil tested allows for seed germination. There are many implications behind the results of this experiment that relate to the real
This lab was a success, because it shows what happens with acid rain, and its effect on seed germination. The seeds will actually grow
After finishing the entire lab experiment, I find that those were the only big problems I had. If I were to improve this experiment, though, I would find a good window ledge, buy a tape measure and have a better object to block the experimental seeds from the sun. Other than these factors, I feel this lab went very successfully and that the results were reasonably accurate.