Allelopathy Affects Germination of Radish Seeds Essay

These not only affect the plant in their specific ways, they also have different effects when they are present in certain ratios with the other chemicals. Plant hormones maintain a delicate balance, and this experiment serves to observe that balance (Campbell and Reese, 2008).

The low-density radish-collard mix pots contained four seeds of radishes and four seeds of collards. The high-density radish-collard pots contained 32 seeds of each species. While our group replicated this 3x2 design four times to total 24 posts, we incorporated the whole class data. Therefore, there were 16 replicates for each treatment. For each pot, we filled soil up until about one inch from the top. We placed the seeds in the pot and piled on around 2 or 3 cm of soil on top. In 3 species levels, seeds were spaced as evenly as possible. In the mixed species pot, the two species were alternated so that each one had the same access to space and nutrients at the other. For each pot, we wrote down our section number, group name, and the contents of the pot. Our group worked at the first bench in the greenhouse and also contained our pots that were spread out evenly in four rows. Our pots stayed in the greenhouse for about five weeks, captured as much sunlight as they could, and got their water source from sprinklers that automatically came on twice a

METHODS/PROCEDURES: In the beginning of the experiment, pea seeds were used in order to perform the experiment. It was extremely important to acquire good, dry, and viable seeds so the process of germination could occur. A handful of these healthy seeds worked best in assisting the experiment. The seeds ability to germinate was a vital information needed to determine the outcome of the experiment.

In site D the data throughout the 5 days all 5 seeds stayed at 0 cm. The data suggest that site D had salt in the water, causing radish crops to fail. This data is also the experimental group and is important to the experiment because the data shows us the salt storage facility is the reason why the plants are not growing. This data can be compared to A to get more

5. Weighing: Drag each ear on each of the plants to the weighing dishes to weigh its kernels. The yield of kernels of each plant is now on a weighing dish. Drag a weighing dish to the balance to read the weight of the kernels. Record the weigh of a Data Table. Proceed to weigh the kernel yield from all plants. Calculate the average kernel yield form each set of three identical plants that are grown under identical conditions from the same type of seed. Record the calculations on the Data Table.

For my seed experiment I had decided to see what the effect of sprinkling salt on a radish seed would be. So for my control group I had set six (6) cherry radish seeds in between a damp paper towel and then closed it within a Ziploc bag. For my experimental I had set it up the exact same way as the control group but I would sprinkle salt on top of seeds before I zipped up the baggie. I sprinkled the salt on the experimental seeds and dampened the paper towel once every day. Each bag was stored in the light and at room temperature (~70° F.)

· monitor the relative growth rate of each sample by measuring the size of each frond compared to the beginning size. Measure once every two days.

The hypothesis being tested in this experiment is that extract from alfalfa will cause a negative effect upon the germination as well as the seedling height of an onion.

Looking back at the experiment, my hypothesis was not correct because seeds that were in a concentration of more than 6.25% of saltwater did germinate. Furthermore, Eighty percent (four out of five) seeds in our control group germinated because the water was pure and didn’t have any NaCl in it. The one seed that didn’t germinate was probably because it was either too dry or wasn’t spaced out enough to grow. The results indicated that the lower the NaCl concentration in the water, the higher the number of germinated seeds were and the plastic bags with the higher concentration rate had very few seeds that germinated. However, there were a few odd results. For example, the bag with the 25% concentration rate had more seeds germinate than the bag with the 12.5%

In this lab, the seeds in the pH of seven, pure water, grew the most out of both trials, just as predicted. In trial one, the radish seeds in pure water grew gradually over the period of six days, reaching the germination of 23 of the 25 seeds. However, all of the seeds in the other Petri dishes showed no growth over this course of time. Trial two mimicked about the same data, with 21 of the 25 seeds germinating in pure water and no growth in the other Petri dishes. The water in the Petri dishes that contained baking soda turned yellow and green in both trials, yet still showed no growth. At the end of the six days, the seeds in the Petri dish with a pH of seven began to turn green as the roots grew longer, resembling successful germination. Overall, these findings illustrate that seeds grow best in a pH of seven, pure water, thus proving the hypothesis

Because of its invasive nature, there have been various applications of allelopathy within horticultural practices. Particularly in the agriculture industry, specific allelopathic plants have been researched to become potential natural, biodegradable herbicides against weeds, cultivators in crops and growth regulators in large-scale agroforestry manufacturing (Reza, 2016). A popular example of this form of chemical warfare has been shown by the Black Walnut, a species native to eastern North America. Conversely, in Australia, there have been numerous eucalyptus species have been experimentally evaluated to have shown allelopathic behaviour towards other plant species, ordinarily in volatilisation with shrouded vapourised volatile chemicals called terpenoids released within remote outback bushlands (Külheim, Padovan, Hefer, Krause, Köllner, Myburg and Foley, 2015). Even from a discernible observation, it has been evident in urbanised cities or municipalities that eucalyptus

The graph illustrates an experiment of different radiation doses of radish seeds. The blue line represents the results collected by the entire class. The orange line represents individual results. Eight seeds were selected from each radiation doses. The seeds were placed in five different petri dishes and grown under light for two

The term ‘allelopathy’ was introduced in early 1937 by Molisch when he discovered that there existed both detrimental and beneficial biological interactions among all plants and microorganism (Rivzi 1). His discovery aided Rice in coming up with a more clear definition of allelopathy. According to Rice, allelopathy is any effect (beneficial or harmful) by one plant or microorganism on another via excretion of chemical compounds to the environment (Rivzi 1). Since then, many researches have been carried out to determine the beneficial and detrimental impacts of allelopathy on agricultural practices. For instance, Bellard, McCarthy and Meekins studied on genetic variation as well as biogeography of Alliaria petiolata in North

Our results support this hypothesis since when garlic was present in the petri dish there was no growth, compared to the control where there was growth. This was because of the chemical that garlic releases, allicin (Djurdjevic 2004). For the second experiment, we hypothesized that the garlic bulb would have the greatest effect on lettuce seed growth. Our results supported this hypothesis since there was no growth in the lettuce seeds when the bulb was present. This occurred because the bulb releases allicin which prevents the uptake of organic substances in the seeds (Djurdjevic 2004). Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis. The data suggests that our alternative hypotheses were correct.

A study was conducted at Gomal University that tested the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. on the germination and seedling growth of wheat. The leaves of E. camaldulensis trees were washed and dried and then filtered to create a one hundred percent solution as well as ten percent, fifteen percent, and twenty percent. These solutions were tested on twelve varieties of wheat. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in germination counts with increasing levels of Eucalyptus aqueous extract concentration. All twelve varieties of wheat were adversely affected by the twenty percent concentration of Eucalyptus extract. It was observed that there was a direct relationship between the number of normal seedlings and the extract concentration. The results suggested that the E. camaldulensis L. leaf aqueous extract could reduce normal seedlings even in low concentrations.