Evolution Of The Grand Canyon National Park

Du Bois conveys his love for the Grand Canyon, and described this natural wonder as the “one thing that lived and will live eternal in my soul-the Grand Canyon” (Darkwater 165). For Du Bois, the Grand Canyon represented something eternal, something which held the imprint of God. Grand Canyon was a national park with anecdotes about life under Jim Crow, bringing double consciousness to bear on the history of conservation. The extent of the Canyon provided him some viewpoints on the violence committed against him and his people. It’s as if he was saying maybe, just maybe there is something else out there, something that provides a basis for hope. If the natural world is so grand, majestic, and beautiful, humanity could be some great day as well.

The State of Arizona is widely known for its dry western weather, beautiful scenery and cactus plantations spread over wide expanses of rock and desert. This makes for the traditional wild west territory. This picture is painted best in Tucson, a bustling city of 1 million that is set against awe-inspiring mountains. Tucson is Arizona's second largest city after Phoenix and has a rich Mexican-Native American heritage and history stemming from its occupation by native Indians. Many people have traveled through this city since its inception in the 18th century. From French merchants to Anglo-American frontiersmen to Indian tribesmen, Tucson can boast a rich and diverse heritage.

They have sinuous, curving channels and their heights are higher compared to their widths (Thompson & Thompson, 2003). Irregularities toward the local direction of slant cause paths sinuosity. Canyons located in the Mammoth Cave run up to 80 to 100 feet high and 10-30 feet wide but many of them are not that high and much narrower. Vertical shafts are created where water can run down vertically alongside fractures (Call, 2010) as illustrated in figure 6.

Most people think that the Providence Canyon which is also known as "Little Grand Canyon" should stay a state park. Well, I believe that it should become a national park. There are so many things that the park would make better if it were a national park.

Our hike will start here, at the north rim of the Grand Canyon. We will go all the way to the bottom of the canyon. But first, a description of this area. The Grand Canyon is one on the most visited and studies sites for geologists on Earth. There are almost forty major sedimentary rock layers exposed in the Grand Canyon. Some of these rocks layers are two hundred million years old or two billion years old. Most of the sediment that makes up the rocks was deposited by oceans and seas, which now, are long gone. We know this because there are many fossils and and other records on large bodies of water in the Grand Canyon. The Grand Canyon is found in the Colorado Plateau. The Colorado Plateau is lifted almost two miles, or four and a fifth kilometers. It started to lift up seventy-five million years ago. This started a mountain-building period of time called the Laramide orogeny. During this period, the Rocky Mountains were created. The main types of rocks found in the Grand Canyon are limestone, siltstone, shale, and sandstone. Many of the layers are made up of limestone. Some examples of these are the Kaibab Limestone, the Redwall Limestone the Temple Butte Limestone, and the Muav

A description of the grand canyon rock layers would include the Colorado River running at the bottom of the inner gorge with flats on both sides which consist of tapeat sandstone layers. There is also the Vishnu Complex, consisting of rocks that have been changed by heat and are buried at the lowest layers. These are tilted and are called the “Grand Canyon Supergroup” the Grand Canyon supergroups are at least 12,000 ft in thickness. These rocks or (the “Inner Gorge”) are usally steep and narrow with hard deep cuts in the lower tilted layers which raise above sea level.

This is Arizona, a state that is well known for its desert Basin and Range region. Its state nicknames are The Grand Canyon Region, The Copper State, The Valentine State, and The Apache State. These nicknames mean and were chosen because the Grand Canyon was located in Arizona, copper was in abundance, Arizona’s date of statehood was February 14(Valentine’s Day), 1912 and the Apache Indians inhabited Arizona at the time. These nicknames were chosen on 1959. Its state motto, “Ditat Deus”(God enriches), was chosen in 1863 because Arizona is abundant in many things. Arizona’s admission date was February 14, 1912 as the 48th state.

Around 650 A.D., the Mesa Verdean peoples initiated construction of apartment-style homes, termed by Spanish explorers as pueblos. The Puebloan architecture is original in that it utilized the local stone and mud deposits of the region to maintain the structural integrity of their burgeoning developments. As this community evolved into the twelfth century, Mesa Verdeans further integrated the geology of their environment into their lifestyles by building homes, known as cliff dwellings, within the naturally formed alcoves of Mesa Verde. By the thirteenth century, the Mesa Verdeans vacated this region due to severe droughts and subsequent social instability. Despite the later abandonment of their cliff dwellings, it is clear that the geology of Mesa Verde National Park impacted the lives of the Ancestral Puebloans significantly. The following sections provide detailed information regarding the rock formations that make up the geological

Mesa Verde National Park on the Colorado Plateau contains many geological aspects of interest, including its sedimentary rock layers, its canyons, its alcoves utilized by ancient people and how these alcoves were formed. Mesa Verde National Park is located in the southwest corner of Colorado, close to the Four Corners area, on top of a high mesa overlooking the Mancos River (Harris et al. 2004). The park, covering 81 square miles, consists of several main sedimentary formations that are characteristic to the park (Encyclopedia Britannica 2015). Canyons are carved into the sedimentary rock, with the cave dwellings found high on their steep walls. These dwellings are an especially unique aspect to the Mesa Verde National Park, and are built out of large alcoves. The alcoves were produced by weathering and erosion of the sedimentary rock type. To better understand how these alcoves formed, we must understand the geology of Mesa Verde National Park and how it has developed over history.

(1995-2013) Finally, many evolutionists use the Grand Canyon as proof for millions of years, but evidence shows it actually formed from the overspill from two post-Flood lakes. (Creation Today, n.d.) Obviously, all of this evidence creates major problems for evolution, but is fully explained by Noah’s Flood.

The Grand Canyon has plenty of volcanic rocks near the bottom and the top. ICR, Institute for Creative Research, has been involved in a project for years to date these volcanic rocks. this study has come a long way to show that many of the Grand Canyon strata could have formed rapidly, and that the erosion of the Canyon by the Colorado River has not been going on for millions of years.

The final piece of evidence for a worldwide flood is the Grand Canyon. An article describing the Grand Canyon states, “The general scientific consensus, updated at a 2010 conference, holds that the Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon beginning 5 million to 6 million years ago.” (Zimmermann, 2013) However, it is obvious that the Colorado river could not have carved the Grand Canyon. It is much too small to carve such an enormous monument, and it shows a surprising lack of erosion for being millions of years old. (The Grand Canyon, n.d.) One problem with evolutionists’ theory is the numerous side canyons formed just as deep with no visible water source. (Brown, 1995-2013) Also, why are there no other Grand Canyons around the world that were created with larger and more powerful rivers? (Brown, 1995-2013) A massive amount of around eight hundred cubic miles of sediments were excavated from the Grand Canyon, yet the Colorado River’s delta, the section at the mouth of the river where sediments eroded by the river are deposited, contains less than one percent of this material. (Brown, 1995-2013) So where did it all go? A worldwide flood is the most plausible explanation. As the crust buckled and shifted, the water from the flood drained off of high levels into the ocean basins and any low places. (Brown, 1995-2013) The Colorado Plateau was lifted around six thousand two hundred feet, carrying two large post-Flood lakes with it, the Grand Lake and Hopi Lake. (Brown,

So you now know how sedimentary rocks are formed and how the Colorado River majorly eroded all the rock creating canyons. But here comes the million dollar question: where did all the rocks come from? The answer to that question is The Continental Drift. The Earth's continents are not fixed in place, but rather float on a sea of molten rock, meaning that they move around quite a bit. Over 250 million years, that “quite a bit” can turn into land masses moving thousands of miles. Moreover, the Earth is made up of 20 Tectonic plates. Seven of these plates are very large and consist of entire continents or sea floors. The plate that the Grand Canyon is located on is called “The North American Plate”. At one time, this plate was considerably further south and consequently had a very different climate than

Evidence in the Mosaic Canyon; however, do suggest that the area was covered by a warm

The Grand Canyon is popular for its hisory. There are many good stories about its exploration by the great John Wesley Powell and other adventurers. The Grand Canyon is also popular for its location. The Grand Canyon is located in northern Arizona, a very interesting and beautiful tourist spot. Uniqueness is another reason for the Grand Canyon’s popularity. The spectacular view of the Colorado River a mile below the rim,