Bacterial meningitis is a rare and serious disease most often caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Incidences of this disease in the United States are predominantly tracked by two surveillance systems headed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The systems collect and analyze data with the goal of monitoring disease epidemiology and influencing vaccine policy and development (CDC, 2018). While non-electronic reports are still accepted, health agencies are moving toward electronic surveillance systems to report and collect data. Stakeholders include local, state, federal, and worldwide public health institutions including the CDC and the World Health Organization. The disease commonly infects infants, immunocompromised individuals, and large groups of people living in close quarters such as college dorms (CDC, 2017). In 2016, over half of all young adult meningitis cases were identified in college students (CDC, 2017). Although the rates of meningococcal …show more content…
Conjugate vaccines provide long-lasting immunity, prevent disease carriage, and induce herd immunity. CDC recommends conjugate vaccines for those ages eleven to twelve years old, with a booster at sixteen years old. Conjugate vaccines are especially recommended for military recruits and adults who are not up to date with vaccinations and will be a first-year university student residing in school dorms. Serogroup B meningococcal vaccines provide protection against N. meningitidis B and is recommended for high-risk individuals at least ten years of age (Grossman & Porth, 2014). Lastly, polysaccharide vaccinations are not used as routine immunization in the U.S. but are more commonly used in countries with greater risk, such as Africa and China (Grossman & Porth, 2014; CDC,
“His listeners are said to have groaned and screamed in terror and Edwards stopped several times to ask for silence.” Jonathan Edwards wrote “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” as a way to express how Puritans were not living the way God wanted them to. They were not going to church daily and those who were, thought that, that was all they had to do to get into Heaven. Edwards gave very detailed views on how easy it would be to be cast down into a pit of eternal damnation as well as how you should pray for God’s mercy so you can have a glorious salvation. Edward’s ferocious use of extended metaphor and pathos swayed his audience into fearing what the afterlife held for them if they were to not repent their sins.
Neisseria meningitidis is a fastidious, aerobic, and encapsulated gram-negative diplococcus which infects humans via droplet transmission to and from mucosal surfaces in the nasopharyngeal region. Only humans can be infected with N. meningitidis and the disease manifests in children under two years of age and in young adults. N. meningitidis can be found as normal regional flora of the nasopharynx in some individuals, but when it causes infection leads to meningitis and occasionally septicaemia. The major symptoms of N. meningitidis infection include a stiff neck, high fever, photophobia, confusion, cephalgia and emesis. If the patient’s condition has worsened causing sepsis, they can present with a haemorrhagic rash which is indicative of
Rouphael N, Stephens S (2015, March 4) Neisseria meningitidis: Biology, Microbiology and Epidemiology Retrieved from
As a child, everyone finds at least one person they deem to be an important mentor to their lives. Growing up, my mom was always there to talk to me when I needed anything and I admired her for her patience and understanding. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, the main character, Scout, had many significant role models that she could look up too, just as how I have looked up to my mom. Scout’s mother died before the story begins and she lives with her Dad, Atticus, and cook, Calpurnia. Atticus is a lawyer who takes on a huge case towards the middle of the novel; however, this is not a normal court cause because it consists of an innocent black man going against a disreputable white man. Even though this is a tough situation for Atticus
Can you imagine the someone mighty? Who you think would never fall? Well, would you be surprised if I told you that, person will fall, whether he likes it or not, and it is up to him how hard he will fall. The theme that is found in both Oedipus Rex, and Antigone is that even the mighty shall fall. Now the theme is the mighty shall fall, because Oedipus let his power blind him, and oblivious to the consequences of his actions toward his fateful prophecy that brought him to his fall from power and his exile, also Creon's actions toward deciding that his laws were higher than the gods, made his fall to where his family is gone for his hunger in keeping power.
Lafayette College policy requires all the freshmen living in college dormitories to receive vaccination against meningococcal disease. Since the meningitis immunization is not an establish practice in my home country Georgia, Lafayette administration proposed to conduct the vaccination in the United States, in its affiliated health center Bailey’s. Like most international students, I received meningitis B vaccination on the second day of my arrival on campus.
The first bottle of rum I found was under the sink in my bathroom when I was 14 years old. The years since have been the biggest obstacle I have ever had to face. Growing up in Massachusetts we would see the tragedy headlining on the news each day, more families affected by the opioid epidemic, and now we were one of them. My mother is an alcoholic who was led into abusing painkillers and she has been for most of my life. Learning to accept and face the daily challenges continued to prove itself harder and harder each day.
Bacterial Meningitis is a very serious illness and it needs to be taken care of immediately or it could result in death. The bacteria that cause this condition are meningococci, pneumococci and haemophilus
• Meningococcal vaccine. One dose is recommended if you are age 19–21 years and a first-year college student living in a residence hall, or have one of several medical conditions. You may also need additional booster doses.
Back in early 2010, there has been massive campaigns for preventive immunization. World Health Organization accounted for an estimated 80-85% of Group A meningococcus. All of these cases were found in the epidemic belt
The main research for meningitis is located in the UK. There are 12 projects in our ongoing research programme in addition to MRF Meningococcus Genome Library. That is the current study. It was found in 1989 and has been rewarded 147 research grants. The total investment they have gained is over 18.6 million dollars. Their research methods are on prevention, the study of protection, investigating the transmission on newborn babies, assessing the benefits of vaccines, and more. It is important to explore all this so we have the right knowledge of the
Bacterial meningitis is really serious infection and it must be treated immediately. This infection affects the membranes that cover the brain. Many bacteria could cause meningitis. The most common are Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcuspneumoniae. Luckily, there are special vaccines for preventing this bacteria in the human organism and they are recommended for both, children and adults when there is potential risk of this illness. Some studies have shown that certain group of people has bigger chances to be infected by this bacteria. Those usually are: children under the age of 6, teenagers between 15 and 18 years old and adults over 55 years old. The first symptoms are usually high fever, cold hands and feet, weakness, headache, neck
Meningococcal disease is a life serious and life-threatening infection that is a problem amongst children and young adults. The infection is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis which is a gram negative β proteobacterium with a distinct diplcoccus morphology. This bacteria is an obligate human bacterial pathogen that normally resides in the human nasopharynx making humans the only natural reservoir. It can also be transmitted from person to person by close contact such as kissing or the simple sharing of a beverage. In most cases the bacteria doesn’t infect the host and will rarely lead to an invasive disease but factors such as the lack of immune defenses can alter this pattern. Neisseria meningitidis is the cause of the majority of cases of meningitis in the United States with children and young adults having the most impact. The United States alone sees 800-1500 cases annually. Worldwide, there are 1.2 million cases of meningococcal infections per year with a death toll of ~135,000. The rates of disease occur most frequently in newborns and children under 1 years of age. The number of incidences will decline and peak again between the ages of 15 and 25. This disease is found worldwide and has the most impact in sub-Saharan Africa where treatment isn’t readily available.
Everyone is at risk of getting bacterial meningitis as it is an infectious disease, especially babies, due to their developing immune systems.35 Bacterial meningitis is more severe in children who also have similar symptoms such as fevers, and feel fretful and often anorectic (loss of appetite).36 These symptoms occur because of the change in behaviour. Thus, more care would be needed to be given the child with this disease as they cannot always take the same medications as adults, especially in large doses.37 The risks of getting bacterial meningitis are dependent on the seriousness of this infection; the more serious this infection is, the more likely it can cause negative adverse effects on the individuals, especially death.38
Found to be the most prevalent disease of the four, meningococcal disease, also known as bacterial meningitis, was diagnosed in four of the campus’ students. It was first diagnosed by DNA sequencing through