The researchers were curious whether prolonged use of high dose anabolic-androgenic steroid or (AAS) use has any negative cognitive or psychiatric effect. This was explored because there has been little to no research done with prolonged AAS use and the brain. They measured brain morphometric, which encompasses subcortical neuroanatomical volumes and regional cortical thickness. AAS use is known to cause cognitive defects as well as psychiatric disorders among many symptoms however very few studies look into the brain morphology which this study explores this is readily important as AAS readily passes through the blood brain barrier. It’s stated that artificial high doses of testosterone like with AASs many cause apoptosis on many …show more content…
It’s noted that this is a cross-sectional, retrospective design study. The statistical analyses used were group differences in demographic and neuropsychological data evaluated using a two-tailed independent sample t test and x^2 test. General linear models were used with regional volume as the dependent variable as well as age and ICV as co-variables. To reduce type 1 errors a Z Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations and a cluster wise correction. “To control other factors they used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale vocabulary performance, weekly reported alcohol consumption, Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment Adult Self-Report T-scores for anxious/depressed syndrome, drug use, attention problems, and total problems were included as additional covariates” The results and characteristics are displayed on Table S1. It’s shown that in both IQ and years of education were lower in the AAS group (of which 59 were current users and 23 were previous users). “The AAS group had more frequent use of prescribed psychotropic medications than the control group, with antidepressants and anxiolytics being the most frequently prescribed”. It is also noted that within the AAS group that a subgroup found only in AAS users used several different types of drugs from
The book is about this guy named Mike Johnson. His dad had him start school 1 year late. When Mike was in 8th grade the high school football coach sent out letters that say if you, are invited to go to the high school football practices. Mike, Drew and their other friend Deshawn all got a letter. For Mike there are 5 other running backs and the number 1 running back's name is Matt Drager. So Mike’s dad tells him to pick off the running back’s one by one by starting with number 5 and go up. So he starts picking them off and he gets to number 2 running back. Drew also gets number 2 quarterback. Every game Mike gets put on special teams. During the week of the biggest game of the year against Foothill Matt and the starting quarterback got caught drinking and couldn't play. Mike and Drew started practicing with starters all week they were
Major League Baseball’s (MLB) commissioners are debating about the anabolic steroids situation that is occurring in professional baseball today. To many professionals are getting accused of using the harmful drug. Professional baseball players are getting tested twice a year for anabolic substances throughout the course of the regular season. In order to stop steroids in MLB, commissioners should pass random drug testing. Tony Larussa stated, “By having random drug tests, it would make the game of baseball true once again.” Steroids are ruining the game of baseball, and the commissioners need to decide on something soon. By having random drug tests in Major League Baseball throughout the season, it would fix the problems that baseball is
Thesis: Anabolic Steroids are powerful drugs that help the body gain mass, but also hurts the body with drastic side effects.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are a group of hormones, which includes the natural male hormone, testosterone, and a number of synthetic compounds. "Anabolic" refers to muscle building, while "androgenic" refers to increased masculine characteristics. Anabolic effects are basically muscle growth. Androgenic effects produce secondary male sex characteristics like facial hair, body hair, deepening of the voice, and so on. In the 1950's scientists were trying to isolate the muscle building properties without the masculinizing effects. This lead to the development of synthetic anabolic steroids.
People who abuse anabolic steroids take them orally or inject them into the muscles. Anabolic steroids work differently from other drugs of abuse; they do not have the same short-term effects on the brain. The most important difference is that steroids do not trigger rapid increases in the chemical dopamine of the brain, which causes the “high” which cause people to abuse other substances. However, long-term steroid abuse may act on some of the same cerebral pathways and chemicals - including dopamine, serotonin and opiates - that are affected by other drugs. This can have a significant effect on mood and behavior. Drug abuse by steroids can lead to serious, even permanent, problems such as kidney problems or liver damage, enlarged heart, high blood pressure and changes in blood cholesterol, all that increase the risk of stroke and heart
Testosterone is a hormone in both men and women, but in greater extent in the men, testosterone is a chemical compound (C19H28O2) and is responsible for the characteristic of men such as, sexual characteristics/sexual organs, deepening of the voice, and facial and body hair. (Neil Schlager, Jayne Weisblatt, and David E. Newton 2006) Testosterone/Steroids has bodybuilding and masculinizing effect as well as treating a variety of medical conditions, like asthma, the steroid is used in a puffer, they can be used for anabolic or androgenic purposes and made for synthetic purposes making them illegal. (BROWER, K. J. 2001) Many athletes will use these to gain an advantage on competitors, with lean muscle and higher endurance, with many uses, there
Athletes, whether they are young or old, professional or amateur, are always looking to gain an advantage over their opponents to come away with the win. The desire for an "edge" exists in all sports, at all levels of play, from peewee wrestling to professional football. Successful athletes rely on skill, practice, and hard work to increase their skills, speed, power, and ability. Today, high school and even middle school students are using steroids illegally. The United Institute of Health reported that 2.9% of twelve graders in high school have used anabolic steroids(Drugs In Sports, 2) These drugs may also have been called: roids, juice, gym candy, pumpers, stackers, balls or bulls, arnies, or anabolics(Anabolic Steroids, 1). Also most
The novel, The Scarlet Letter, takes place in the seventeenth century Puritan society of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Being under Puritan rule means that each colonist had to obey by the rules set by the magistrates and were assigned a spiritual leader, which would watch over their spiritual health. Puritans society was entirely thoracic and bound by the mandates of the bible. Hester Prynne and Dimmesdale began an affair. When the pregnancy could no longer be hidden, Hester was forced to reveal the baby daddy. When she refused, she was forced to be humiliated because she had broken the sixth commandment. Moreover she was treated as an outcast, a joke. She was the topic of sermon, a laughing joke to the kids and an object of scorn to the
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can change the person’s social behaviors, such as their sexual satiety when they are adolescence and could also make them have aggressive behaviors. This is more likely to happen in an adolescent brain because it is more susceptible than adult brains. (Montalto, Salas-Ramirez, Sisk, 2010). Aggression is also the most reported side effects of the use of steroids in adults and teenagers. Those that used AAS were most likely to be aggressive and act in violent ways when those who were not. This is what the name “roid rage” comes from. (Lumia, McGinnis, 2010). The use in steroid use has increased dramatically in recent years with males. It is mostly used among adolescent males aging from as young as 11 to gain body mass and strength for completive sports. Using of this drug can serve life-long consequences and be permanent. (Lumia,
China’s one child policy began in the early 1976. Mao’s government began to support the control of family size. Also, Mao started convincing the families to have fewer children. Then Mao Zedong died. Deng Xiaoping led the government and made the one child policy. The program was officially begun in 1979. Now recently the Chinese government have changed it to a two child policy. The Chinese population law should be abolished because it’s violating human rights, it is creating an "invisible" generation, and it is creating an imbalance in the population.
In today’s society, athletes are revered as heroes. There is immense pressure to be the best. Athletes are willing to do whatever it takes to gain an edge, even if it means compromising their health. For almost three decades, athletes have been supplementing their strength program with anabolic steroids to enhance their performance. To be sure, anabolic steroids are effective supplements to strength training programs, but there is no doubt that the consequences can be deleterious.
In today’s society in athletics, muscle mass and strength seem more important than in years past. It is believed that many athletes use anabolic steroids to increase their muscle mass and also their strength. Anabolic steroids are a group of synthetic hormones that promote the storage of proteins and the growth of tissue, sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength. Before the mid 1970’s the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) was used mainly by highly trained athletes especially those involved in weight training. Since then other athletes including those involved in recreational sports and non-competitive sports have started using the steroids. Steroids are also being used by many school age children
Cell phones play an integral role in our lives, and we conduct many useful functions through them daily. If a mother wants to inform her kids that she would be late to pick them up from their school, the cell phone would provide a good medium to communicate that message. The cutting-edge technology of cell phones at your fingertips is a very powerful device that can be used to connect with people from all around the world, and it can also save lives as well in emergency situations. However, public institutions such as schools and libraries have gotten to the point where cell phones have become a major controversial issue. Improper cellular usage by the youth mainly caused this. Not just the youth, but adults too
However, steroids should remain illegal because they physically deteriorate the whole body system. When injected one risks the chances of developing hematoma and contracting AIDS. In women steroids contribute to the growth of facial hair, enlargements of the clitoris, shrinkage of the uterus, sterility, deepening of the voice, decrease in breast size and irregularity of the menstrual cycle. In men steroids cause shrinkage of the testicles, decrease in sperm count, sterility, impotence, prostate enlargement and growth of female breast. In both men and women hair loss, liver ailments, acne, atherosierosis and cancer are very common. This dangerous drug shortens the life span up to twenty years and increases the chance of obtaining diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. The side effects and reactions from enduring anabolic steroids are endless.
process. My health teacher was not the greatest of teachers, but I found it easy because she taught us with visuals, which made it easier to