Effect Of Juglone On Black Walnut

vulgaris plants, via the formation of a standard curve prepared using varying concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Following absorbance readings of the various BSA solutions, they were plotted against their concentrations providing an indirect measure for determining protein concentrations of the plant samples within the assay tubes, and through further calculations the sample protein concentration. The mean protein concentration for the control group was calculated to be 3.34 ± 1.30 mg/mL, while the mean treated group concentration was 2.01 ± 1.26 mg/mL. These results similarly like the chlorophyll results correlate with the literature articles, as a reduced protein content within the Paraquat treated plants can be expected to some extent (Chia et al., 1981). This reduction in protein concentration is the result of those superoxide anions produced by Paraquat, disrupting the chloroplast membranes and allowing for intracellular components including some proteins to leak out, hence the decrease in protein concentration in comparison to the non-treated plants (Qian et al., 2009). A slight outlier may exist within the treated groups protein concentrations as one of the groups provided a negative value for protein concentration which is not valid, but even after exclusion of that data value, results are still supportive of the expected outcome. Though these results support the claim of Paraquat toxicity causing membrane deterioration and leakiness, protein concentration values are rather more purposeful when used to analyze malondialdehyde (MDA) values on per mg of protein

Introduction In this experiment, radish seeds were exposed to several different kinds of solutions (salt, soap, vinegar, fertilizer, distilled water) to test how different environmental pollutants affect seed germination. Because there are several kinds of solutions being tested in this experiment, there is more than one hypothesis. The hypotheses for this experiment are as follows: The use of fertilizer solution increases radish seed germination and growth. The use of salt solution decreases radish seed germination and growth.

However, for each quad, the fertilizer used for the control was added altogether with the fertilizers being studied. Since the only plant that presented growth was in the control quad, it becomes necessary to explore the effects of excess fertilizers, and furthermore, excess nitrogen, would have in the development of the fast plants. Although Nitrogen is one of the elements most living organisms require, some studies have showed high levels of nitrogen can cause toxic stress to some plants, to the point where growth can be inhibited. (Yu et al.

The poem, “Postcards to Columbus,” by Sherman Alexie has a different meaning through close analysis. When I read the poem, the message I got from it changed significantly from the first and later readings. I believe my classmates would misinterpret the part of the text referring to Columbus as a real estate agent. In the poem, Alexie writes, “Christopher Columbus, you are the most successful real estate agent who ever lived, sold acres and acres of myth, a house built on stilts” (Alexie 291). I believe the word successful has a positive connotation- especially when used while talking about professions- giving the reader, my classmates, the false impression that Columbus is being praised in this portion of the poem. I feel that the tone is unclear

Boxelder Maple trees depend on the dispersal of their samaras to reproduce. The samaras are the seeds of the tree that are shaped in such a way that the wing of the seed causing it to spin. The seed does not fall directly but instead twirls like a helicopter making it stay in the air longer. With the wind the seed can then me dispersed away from the parent tree to take rout and grow on its own. Not all seeds float away from the parent seed and take rout. Some end up falling to close to the parent tree not allowing them to survive due to not getting nutrients and sunlight. “Recent field studies have made progress in elucidating the mechanisms behind these patterns and the implications of these patterns for recruitment success”

also damage the plants and prove to be a detriment to its lifetime. Plus, plants

This experiment is designed to test the allelopathy of two different treatments, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea) and Lemon (Citrus limon). The two treatments will be tested on radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) to investigate the effect of the treatments on the germination of the radish seeds. Allelopathy is the beneficial or harmful effects that one plant has on another plant by the release of chemicals. Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment (Francisco A Macías, José MG Molinillo, Rosa M Varela, Juan CG Galindo 2007). The plants use

The ancient forests of the Northeast aren’t the only aspect of the bioregion that’s fate have been at perpetual risk since the early settlement of Europeans. There is no question that forests still dominate the landscape of Northeastern region accounting for “60% of the total land area, and in New England alone, the coverage is 80%”. Still the species that exist within the understory of the forests have undergone an equally dramatic transformation because of human interaction with the land and the harvest of its resources. Some species in the understory of the mixed forests of the Northeast have been driven out of the region, are under intense ecological pressure, are on the brink of extinction, or have already gone extinct in the region. Perhaps one of the most harmful and impactful effects colonization of the Northeast has had on the resources of the land is the introduction of non-native species and diseases into the region. Over time the overall makeup of the forests have changed drastically as an example, “…the American chestnut once made up as much as 25% of the trees in some areas and was economically the most important hardwood in the Eastern forests”. The introduction of chestnut blight at the turn of the century accounts for

Article: "College athletes are being educated, not exploited." CNN Wire, 30 Mar. 2016. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A447834169/OVIC?u=lees33148&xid=2b3ade47. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017. (All quotations are from article listed above.)

It is true that we cannot take our worldly possessions with us after we leave this world. Thus, deciding which possessions are worth fighting for is something most people grapple with in their lives. Because mortgage bills and other financial responsibilities have the power to cripple a family’s finances, the story of the family portrayed by Mary Oliver in “The Black Walnut Tree” that decides to keep a Walnut Tree instead of paying off their mortgage is endearing and relatable. The use of communal diction, simile, and personification convey the relationship between the tree and the family as invaluable and indispensable.

The relationship between the Tree and the family in the poem The Black Walnut Tree by Mary Oliver is conveyed as harsh and difficult. If they choose to sell the tree then it’s assured that the house will be safe, however, they lose a part of their history. If they do not sell the tree, then they have a chance of the tree destroying the house, but they are struggling to even pay the mortgage and cannot afford any more expenses. By the selected spacing of the poem, figurative language, and lyric this relationship dilemma is conveyed.

Plants can change by themselves when they are purposely grow and given the care they need, wild almonds are poisonous, the Romans were the most successful at this

This data shows a strange outcome, in the hypothesis; it says that “If acid is introduced to the seed during germination, then the roots will not grow as long as the seeds that are given water”. This statement proves to be untrue, because the roots grew longer with stronger acid than weaker acid, and in some, cases, grew better with strong acid than it did in water. This may be true because of the acid growth theory. The acid growth theory states that auxins cause the elongation of stem cells by promoting wall loosening. It was determined that this wall loosening is caused by hydrogen ions. This idea and subsequent supporting data gave rise to the acid growth theory, which states that when exposed to auxins, susceptible cells excrete protons into the wall at an enhanced rate, which in turn decreases the pH in the wall. The lowered wall pH then activates the wall loosening process which is essentially doing the same thing as the auxin hormone.

Allelopathic chemicals can also exist in soil, affecting the surround plants and those planted afterwards. Studies have shown that Leucaena leucocephala, a tree promoted for water conservation and revegetation, contains a toxic amino acid in its leaves and foliage that prevents the growth of other trees but not its own seedlings. Research has also shown that this species reduces the yield of wheat and increases the yield of rice. Other allelopathic plants include mango, box elder, broccoli, and Eucalyptus.

“Every man 's life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another,” (Hemingway). The details of Ernest Hemingway’s life are nothing short of remarkable. The dash between the dates on his gravestone more than distinguish him from the notable mid-century authors he competed with. The life and works of Hemingway has stimulated the minds of people all over the world for the last one-hundred and sixteen years. The years of success and the years when his life was nothing short of turmoil interests people to this day. The marked impact of Ernest Hemingway’s clouded life and works has transcended his generation, and his undying quest for adventure continues to influence society today. He remains as one of the most renowned authors and journalist of his era ("Ernest Hemingway.").