Copper-Iron Stoichiometry
Lab Report
10/3/12
Abstract:
The lab performed required the use of quantitative and analytical analysis along with limiting reagent analysis. The reaction of Copper (II) Sulfate, CuSO4, mass of 7.0015g with 2.0095g Fe or iron powder produced a solid precipitate of copper while the solution remained the blue color. Through this the appropriate reaction had to be determined out of the two possibilities. Through the use of a vacuum filtration system the mass of Cu was found to be 2.1726g which meant that through limiting reagent analysis Fe was determined to be the limiting reagent and the chemical reaction was determined to be as following:-
CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq)
Introduction:
There were
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Table 2: Time Measures Instance | Time (min) | Copper Sulfate solution cooled after heating | 10:00 min | Copper precipitate exposed on vacuum filtration setup | 10:11 min |
Table 3: Volume Measures Measures | Water added to anhydrous copper sulfate(±0.2ml) | Water required to wash copper solid(±0.2ml) | Acetone to wash the copper solid(±0.2ml) | HCl to wash crucible(±0.2ml) | 1 | 60.0ml | 15.0ml | 15.0ml | 45.0ml | 2 | - | - | 15.0ml | | 3 | - | - | 14.0ml | | 4 | - | - | 15.0ml | |
Table 4: Moles of CuSO4, Fe, Cu Substance | Moles | CuSO4 | 0.043866 mol | Fe | 0.035983 mol | Cu | 0.034189 mol |
Moles of Cu = 2.1726g × 1 mol Cu63.5463 g = 0.034189 mol [II]
Table 5: Limiting Reagent, Theoretical and Actual Yields, Percent Yields Equation | Limiting Reagent | Theoretical Yield Cu | Actual Yield Cu | Percent Yield Cu | [I] | Fe | 0.035983 mol | 0.034189 mol | 95.01% | [II] | CuSO4 | 0.043866 mol | | |
Limiting Reagent Determination-
If Fe Limiting Reagent:
Mol of Cu = 0.035983 mol Fe * 1 mol Cu1 mol Fe = 0.035983 mol [III]
If CuSO4 Limiting Reagent:
Mol of Cu = 0.043866 mol CuSO4 * 1 mol Cu1 mol CuSO4 = 0.043866 mol [IV]
Limiting Reagent = Fe
Theoretical Yield –
Mol of Cu = 0.035983 mol Fe * 1 mol Cu1 mol Fe = 0.035983 mol [V]
Percent Yield –
Percent Yield = Actual YieldTheoretical Yield* 100% = 0.034189mol0.035983mol*100% = 95.01% [VI]
Difference in theoretical yield and actual yield –
Difference = 0.035983 –
Molarity for sol. # 2 = (0.0016 g/l)/(350.13 g/mol) = 4.6 × 10-6 moles/ l
(.1063 KIO31) (1 mol KIO214 g) x 6 mol S2O41 mol KIO= .00298.04150= .259 M
Finally, we measured the mass of the remaining copper in the test tube. This lead to the discovery that the mass of the copper in relation to our original 1.08 grams of copper oxide was 0.96 grams. From this data, we could find that the measurement of oxygen in our amount of copper oxide was 0.12 grams. With these significant weights, we were then able to convert those results to the amount of moles each element had in contribution to our total quantity of copper oxide. Specifically, we found that there was 0.015 moles of copper in our copper oxide, and 0.0075 moles of oxygen. So, that made the calculated ratio between moles of copper and moles of oxygen to be 2.0, or a 2:1 ratio of copper to oxygen. Thus, the formula of the red copper oxide can be expressed as . The lab worked the way it did primarily because of the chemical characteristics of copper oxide. Since the oxygen could separate from the copper when presented with a heat source, it allowed for the amount of each element in our quantity of copper oxide to be measured and then calculated into a ratio, which determined the formula for the
Due to this fact, the concentration of copper in the solution is able to be calculated by using light absorbance. Since zinc doesn’t absorb any light, we are able to deduce that the greater the absorbance, the greater the concentration of copper.
The percent water of CuSO4 • 5H2O resulted in 36.08%, whereas the percent water of ZnSO4 • 7H2O was 43.87%. By comparing all three, it is visible that the result of the Unknown A is close to ZnSO4 • 7H2O therefore Unknown A is most likely ZnSO4 • 7H2O.
(0.074 mol HCl x 1 mol NaOH) / 1 mol HCl = 0.074 mol NaOH
-If the copper metal is submerged in the silver nitrate solution then in reaction, a pure, solid (Ag) silver product is created with an excess of (Cu (NO3)2) copper (II) aqueous liquid because a single displacement reaction occurs where the balance equation is then
1. Suppose that you have an unlimited supply of copper (II) sulfate to react with iron. How many moles of copper would be
XIV. Record your observations of the dried, cooled copper metal and weigh the recovered copper.
b. Using the newsvendor model, Cu = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8 and Co = .2. Cu /(Cu + Co) = .8.
The purpose of the experiment is to cycle solid copper through a series of five reactions. At different stages of the cycle, copper was present in different forms. First reaction involves reaction between the copper and nitric acid, and copper changed from elemental state to an aqueous. The second reaction converted the aqueous Cu2+ into the solid copper (2) hydroxide. In the third reaction Cu(OH)2 decomposed into copper 2 oxide and water when heated. When solid CuO reacted with sulfuric acid, the copper returned to solution as an ion (Cu2+). The cycle of reactions was completed with the reaction where elemental copper was regenerated by Zn and Cu
During these cases, one reactant is completely used up first and then there is an excess reactant or reactants. The goal of the experiment was to find the limiting reactant and the actual yield of the precipitate Cu3(PO4)2.3H2O, which is the maximum amount of product that can be formed. The limiting reagent can also be figured out before conducting the experiment by calculating the moles of the reactants in the solution. The reagent that produces the fewest moles of product is the limiting reactant and the other one is the excess reactant. In the experiment conducted above, moles of Cu3(PO4)2.3H2O from CuCl2 = 6.7x10-4 moles of Cu3(PO4)2.3H2O and moles of Cu3(PO4)2.3H2O from Na3PO4 = 7x10-4 moles of
Copper has many chemical properties that make it unique. The Atomic number of copper is 29. An Atomic number is a measure of the amount of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Protons are sub-atomic particles, which have a positive charge. The Atomic mass of copper is 63.546. The Atomic mass is a measure of how many neutrons and protons are in an atom. Neutrons are
At the end of the experiment when the lid was removed, it was found out that the blue colour of the copper (II) sulphate solution has faded away. It was turned to pale grey and there were some precipitates present. It was the zinc powder that was in excess to ensure that the copper (II) sulphate solution could react fully with the zinc powder.
the element copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu. it is a very high thermal metal and its atomic number is 29. its atomic weight is 63.546, its melting point is 1357.77k, its boiling point is2835k, and its density is 8.933 grams per cubic centimeter. The components of an atom are made up from protons, electrons, and neutrons. they are arranged from highest relative charge to lowest just like this: proton +1, neutron 0, electron -1. There are 29 electrons in the copper atom. there are 29 electrons in the copper atoms because the electrons are arranged in multiple layers called layers. electrons are distributed into different shells.the first shell can hold a maximum of 2 energy level has the lowest energy. the second shell can hold