The Law
In November 2012, the Italian Chamber of Deputies passed Anti-Corruption Law 190 for the purpose of combatting rampant corruption in Italy. The law established the Commissione Nazionale per la Valutazione, la Trasparenza e l’Integrità delle Amministrazioni Pubbliche as the anti-corruption authority in Italy. The law and authority go hand in hand.
Purpose
This national anticorruption authority (CIVIT) was tasked with implementing and overseeing standards on public officials to prevent corruption. The authority was also constructed to ensure that public officials would comply with all initiatives and guidelines set by the authority. It was also to determine the causes of public sector corruption and the necessary steps to fix consistent problems. It also needed to cooperate with international anti-corruption bodies and report to parliament on the effectiveness of its initiatives. It is held accountable for progress made in the fight in Italy’s public sector corruption.
Implementation
All public administrations are required to create an anti-corruption plan and adopt a code of conduct for employees to prevent corruption. A compliance officer is then placed to ensure that all guidelines are followed and that the created plan was implemented. The officer also makes sure the plan complied with the authority. If the plan was not respected by employees, it would lead to sanctions and further disciplinary actions.
New Penalties Under 190
Bribery became an offence
We as business owners, management and or in a role of authority must set, address and comply with a solid foundation of ethics. “A code of conduct is the single most important element of your ethics and compliance program. It sets the tone and direction for the entire function. Often, the code is a standalone document, ideally only a few pages in length. It introduces the concept of ethics and compliance and provides an overview of what you mean when you talk about ethical business conduct.”
During the Fifth century, Germanic tribes from the north invaded the Western Roman Empire and sacked Rome (González pp. 260 & 270). This created political and social disorder. The Empire was then divided into separate independent kingdoms (González p. 269). As a result, the church tended to fill the void for order created by the political instability (González p. 260). However, as various kingdoms became established, local church leaders began to be appointed by kings rather than the churches (González p. 273). And, since the church had acquired much land, bishops became lords rather than pastors (González p. 273). The political instability cre-ated by a lack of a strong central government led to an increasingly feudal society (González p.318).
63, No. 35), one person should be assigned by every healthcare organization to coordinate, oversee, and maintain corporate compliance within the organization. The individual responsible for the corporate compliance plan is called the Corporate Compliance Officer or CCO. (“Compliance Program Guidance for Hospitals,” hhs.gov, February 23, 1998). The Corporate Compliance Officer or CCO in conjunction with the Corporate Compliance Committee oversee the corporate compliance plan and insures the organizations policies and procedures are followed not only by the organization’s employees but also by the Board of Directors. The CCO and corporate compliance committee act as objective entities that follows any issues pertaining to the rules and regulations set forth by the company Standards Code of Conduct. Responsibilities of a CCO and committee may vary from organization to organization, but every organizational CCO and committee should have and support similar roles and responsibilities. These roles may incorporate the following tasks and
1) Oversight Accountability & Resources – ensure that the governing authority is knowledgeable about the operation of the compliance and ethics program and are able to exercise the appropriate oversight with regard to the execution and efficiency of the program (Parson & Weiss, 2013). The Chief Compliance Officer will have the overall responsibility of overseeing the program and that it is implemented properly. The day-to-day operations will be
The code will direct all officers and employees while conducting company business to: obey all rules, regulations and laws, conduct themselves with honesty and integrity and to avoid all conflicts of interests with the company business, report to work in condition to work and be free from the influence of alcohol or drugs, respect the rights and deal fairly with all clients, keep honest and accurate records and reports of company information, respect the diversity of all and not engage in discrimination or harassment, preserve the confidentiality of all company information entrusted to them, maintain
Someone who is abusing the power that is given to him or her defines corruption, however, the word in its self is more than a simple idea; it is an intricate network. Since people’s views about ethical and moral behavior affect the way corruption is examined, the word has a slightly different meaning to each person. Additionally, misconduct across various societies is viewed differently due to social and cultural borders. The criminal justice system has had many instances where corruption had affected the outcome of a case and has inserted itself into the legal process.
The Co-Chief Compliance Officers ensure all Compliance Policies and Standard Operating Procedures are reviewed no less than annually. Such review is intended to allow necessary policy revisions to reflect changes in Impac’s operating philosophy, laws or regulations, business practices, product offerings, or other factors. All changes to the policy and program must be approved by the business unit leader and the Co-Chief Compliance
The Sicilian Mafia and the Camorra (mafia group located in Naples) were both created in the mid-1800’s (FBI 2010). These are the two mafia groups we will focus on. The Sicilian Mafia was originally an underground secret society formed to unite the peasants as resistance fighters and vigilante justice to protect their families and friends. In the 1920’s these chivalrous groups developed into what we know as the mafia. The Camorra was originally a prison gang that took controlled the prison and collected fees from the prisoners and guards for keeping order. They continued to meet after leaving prison and spread throughout Naples. They are currently Italy’s largest organized crime group with over 7,000 members (FBI 2010).
First, we have established written policies and procedures that is the Standard of Conduct. Employees are expected to follow the standards set forth in the plan as well as applicable laws. It is important to point out that our Corporate Compliance Plan is flexible and readily adaptable to changes in regulatory requirements. Our plan is reviewed annually and modified as necessary. We have a centralized revenue cycle process
After reading these books, l thinks America should be less corruption of authority and also equality. All citizens in American should have freedom and be treated equality no matter the skin color./ These stories offer that America should be free of corruption and equality. These stories stories sees America to be like a country with no strict and segregation against one group of people.
Political corruption is a major problem in the US today. It involves almost all levels of government and affects people from all walks of life. Public office is a noble post and citizens put their trust in government officials to carry out their constitutional duties for the benefit of the citizenry. The problem comes in where both elected and unelected officials perform their duties with the goal of personal gain in full view of the law. The ethical and moral wrongs of corruption are unjustifiable in any context.
Because power is a highly coveted asset, corruption is often intertwined with the journey in acquiring power. Because America has a two party system consisting of a Democratic Party and a Republican Party, there is much power to be obtained if one is able to secure a representative spot in either party (Tannahill 118). In particular, I believe representatives in the Republican Party are more concerned about their political seats and what power can be gained from their seats than doing what is best for their constituents. This can be seen in the public’s assessment of political parties and in the presence of crony capitalism.
It seems like the only sector of Italy that has thrived is its underground black market. These lucrative and subversive activities account for over 25 percent of the country’s GDP. This puts a burden on the Italian government since all this lost revenue is not subject to taxation. Italy’s chief of state, or president is Giorgio Napolitano, who has served since May 15, 2006. Napolitano’s main responsibilities are to approve the Council of Ministers and to provide the prime minister with advice. Berlusconi leads the Forza Italia, a Christian-democratic, liberal majority political party in Italy. Forza Italia was founded in December 1993 and was merged into The People of Freedom March 2009.
Madani D., Licetti M. (2010). Business regulation, reform and corruption. The World Bank, PREM notes, number 155.
The broadest, most suitable definition which exists today simply states that corruption is any illegal act performed by a politician to produce results which would have been otherwise impossible (Ebbe). In some cases, government, politicians, and criminals entwine for the sake of amassing money in order to secure their own jobs. This form of corruption was apparent in the mafia’s association with the