Brassica Rapa Essay

The experiment was begun by obtaining four 8 oz. Styrofoam cups and punching a hole through the bottom of them. This hole was for water entry or excess water drainage. Moistened soil was packed to the 1/2 full line in the cup along with 3 fertilizer pellets The cups were labeled the following: Rosette-H20, Rosette-GA, Wild-Type-H2O, and Wild-type- GA.(Handout 1) A small wooden applicator stick was obtained a moistened at the tip with water from the petri dish labeled ‘water.’ This was to be able to attract the seed to the applicator in order to place the seed from its original container into

Stage eight occurs on days eighteen through twenty. During this time, seed pods will develop. The final stage is stage nine, which occurs on days twenty-one to forty. This will be when the Fast Plant begins to wilt and die, and its seed pods will begin to become dry and eventually and await planting. Then the entire life cycle will begin all over again.

34. A pea plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for height

In this lab the plant being used was the common garden pea (Pisum sativum), the first thing done was to scan the phenotypes of each parental and first generation offspring; which was homozygous dominant ( P1), homozygous recessive (P2) for parental types, and heterozygous (F1) for first generation offspring. Next step is to indicate the F2 sample by using a “+” for dominant and “-” for recessive phenotype. This was done by making a chi chart that expressed all the phenotype characteristics for Parental traits to 60 generations of offspring traits. Afterward data was combined with class data to determine the statistical analysis for all the samples. In addition to analyzing the morphological traits, statistical data was determined by determining the expected number of plants for seed color, Seed texture, Stipules, leaflets, Height, and Tendrils. That was calculated by

From both graphs, the plant with two pellets and six pellets of fertilizer grow faster than zero fertilizer and four fertilizers. Compare to the plant with two pellets and six pellets, the six pellets one grow faster than the plant with two pellets. The plant with four pellets grow slower than the plant with no fertilizer. However, the data doesn’t make sense, so it is unreliable. Also, it does not support the hypothesis. The reason why the data is wrong, is maybe because the Brassica rapa was extract in the first week for measuring the length. Neverthless, it was a wrong action.Therefore,

The plants were divided into three groups of ten and the planting pots were placed into trays to ease in the movement of all ten for exposure to sounds. The plants were placed in the same location outside to receive full sun when not being exposed to the particular sound. The plants were watered at the same time with the same spray bottle two times per week as directed on the information slip when purchased. Each evening for 30 days, the group exposed to the violet sound was brought indoors at seven p.m. and placed in a secluded room with an iPad two placed in front of the plants to produce the violet noise. The group of ten plants were left in the room for two continuous hours while being exposed to the sound. Once the two hours were completed the violet group was placed back outside in the original location. The same procedure was followed for the group of ten plants being exposed to the lower frequency brown noise beginning at nine p.m. and concluding at the end of the two hours. The ten Dianthus plants in the control group were not exposed to either sound. Every five days for thirty days, measurement in centimeters and visual observations were made and placed into tables. For measurement, the height of the tallest stem was measured from the top of the soil to the bottom of the flower bud and recorded in centimeters. Visual observations were made and recoded in the same table regarding how many new flower buds appeared, new stem production appeared and if any flower buds were in the process of

In summary, the sunlight flower pollen after 60 minutes grew to about 110 um used as a baseline while the flashlight flower pollen tube length mean grew to about 283 um after 60 minutes to confirm regular tube elongation length (Figure 3). The experimental red flower’s pollen had a mean tube length of 310 um after 60 minutes while the blue flower had only a mean length of about 183 um (Figure 3). Based on the data obtained, it appears that flashlight treated pollen produced the longest tube length compared to the others, but it also had the most variance. Clearly red treated pollen seemed to produce longer tube lengths than blue treated

Cross-pollination took place on day 29 and followed a very specific procedure. Our group observed flowering in cells three (two flowers) and five (four flowers). Pollen was carefully transferred from the stamen of each plant to the pistil of another using a small brush. This was repeated several times to ensure success. Finally, buds without flowers were trimmed from each plant. On day 36, seed pods were counted and a total of 12 were recorded and photographed. Buds and flowers were clipped from all plants on day 43 and 25 seeds pods were observed. The three lab periods proceeding the final clipping/trimming (days 50-64) were dedicated to drying the plants and seed pods.

The reproduction system for plants consists of the anther, stigma and ovule. The image by Hans Lambers (2016) shows that pollen is created through the stamen (anther (which is held up by a filament). The pollen is then moved through wind, water or animal to the stigma of the plant “part of the pistil where the pollen germinates” (The Parts of a Flower, n.d.). Which is then moved down the pollen tube (inside the style) where it reaches the ovary and fertilizes the ovule and reproduce.

The plants were not exposed to direct sunlight but were rather placed under LED lights; they were watered every day except on weekends for the duration of the experiment. On week 2, There was a total of 17 plants collected. Then, the phenotypes of the plants were observed in which 13 of them were purple and 4 were green. On week 3, two plants that did not have the purple pigment present were thrown away. There was a total of 18 plants in which the observed phenotype was 16 purple and 2 green. On week 4, one green plant was thrown away, yielding a total of 17 flowers. A paintbrush was used to transfer the pollen to each of the flowers. This was

Flowers remain blooming when the sun is out for 1 or 2 days, being replaced by a seed capsule that grows large, and later splits open to release its seeds. The rhizomes that are found at the roots of these flowers, and the foliage contain a reddish juice. Over time the plants often form vegetative colonies, these colonies self-pollinate to reproduce.

To test for differences in seed germination, plant survival to reproduction and pollen viability between

However, one of the major problems of many tissue cultured plants is somaclonal variation. It is the variation originating in cell and tissue cultures (Larkin and Scowcroft, 1981). The growth of plant cells in vitro and their regeneration into whole plants is an asexual process which involves only mitotic division of the cell. Therefore, theoretically, it should not cause any variation. Ideally, it is expected to get clonal multiplication of genetically uniform plants. However, due to somaclonal variation, uncontrolled and random spontaneous variation occurs during the culture process. On the other hand, somaclonal variation also has its advantages. It is useful in crop improvement through creation of novel variants. Induced somaclonal variation is used for genetic manipulation of crops with polygenic traits (Jain, 2001). It can also be a vital tool for plant breeding via generation of new varieties. This could exhibit disease resistance, improvement in quality and give a better yield of the plants. Somaclonal variants may vary from the source plant permanently or temporarily. Temporary changes result from epigenetic or physiological effects and are non-heritable and reversible but, permanent variants are heritable and often represent an expression of pre-existing variation in the source plant or are due to the de novo

At higher relative humidity pollen grains stick together and do not disperse well. If the amount of moisture in the air stays constant and when air becomes dry and it is ideal condition for pollination and Fertilisation takes place after 48 hours.

Plants have two major parts of their anatomy structure for reproducing. The anther, which is the male part that contains the pollen. And the pistils, the female part of the flower. The goal is to get the pollen from the anthers to the pistol. Pollinators have tasked this job. Pollinators visit plants for their own purposes, to collect nectar, which is a sugary substance that can be used as food or to make honey, oil, or just to hang out. When a pollinator visits a