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APA Style: How to handle common online references
Created Feb 2011. Adapted from the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual, © 2010 and the APA Style blog.

How do I create Reference Entries for Online journals, newspapers, and books?
Online book:
Dewey, J. (1922). Human nature and conduct: An introduction to social psychology. Retrieved from http://books.google.com
Online article—newspaper, journal, newsletter—with a DOI:
Clay, R. (2008). Science and ideology. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6), 38-42.doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.2.186
Online newspaper article with no DOI:
Brody, J.E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Online magazine article with no DOI: …show more content…

• An overarching heading plus a paragraph number within that section. • A short title in quotation marks if the heading is too unwieldy to cite in full.
Because there is no date and no author, your text citation would include the title (or short title) "n.d." for no date, and paragraph number. Example: ( "Heuristic," n.d., para. 1).
When do you include a retrieval date for an onsite source?

Retrieval dates are included only if the source material is likely to change over time as in a regularly updated site (CNN, The Weather Channel), an active blog, a Facebook status, or a wiki such as Wikipedia.

APA has not settled on a definitive format for this kind of material. The APA style blog offers this suggestion: Author, A. (date). Title. In Source. Retrieved date, from http://URL

If there is no author, the title moves to the first position. So, the article on Psychology in Wikipedia would be cited as follows:
Psychology. (2010, March 16). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:58, March 17, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psychology&oldid=350190310

Harvard Graduate School prefers an alternate format for Wikipedia and similar citations:

List of smoking bans. (2011, May 5). Retrieved May 9, 2011, from Wikipedia: http://www.wikipedia.org

Winifred Mary Ward. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2010, from

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