Nvt 1

All quotations, paraphrases, and summaries must be referenced. Only common knowledge does not need to be cited. When in doubt, cite the material. This is an issue of plagiarism; please reference GCU’s policy on Plagiarism in the University Policy Handbook.

Note: Cite references in MLA format, in-text, and parenthetically. Complete a Works Cited page of all references used.

Referencing should be used whenever quotations of an original text is used or you refer to quotations and paraphrase any content that has been written by someone else. References could

D.Include only the first author's last name followed by et al. AND the year of publication.

| Include the first seven authors’ names, then insert three ellipses, and add the last author’s name, like this:Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I.,…Author, I. (year).

1. List all authors, the year, article title, journal name, volume number, issue number, and page numbers.

Research was conducted by Wiklander, Samuelsson, Jokinen, Nilsonne, Wilczek, Rylander, and Asberg (2012) on the relationship between shame-proneness and suicide attempt. The introduction mentions that the researchers wanted to explore whether or not shame proneness was a stable tendency for attempted suicide. According to Wiklander, et al. (2012), when individuals encounter situations of failure, they typically experience shame. The researchers define shame as "an aversive affective state paired with a negative evaluation of the entire self" (Lewis, 1971; Tangney, Stuewig, & Mashek, 2007; Lindsay-Hatz, 1984 as cited by Wiklander, et al., 2012).

Unacknowledged Shame Theory is seen in a perspective that shame can cause a destructive emotion and can promote crime instead of preventing it if it is not managed positively. By using apology in return for forgiveness symbolises that reparation can commence (Braithwaite, 2004).

Last name, First name. "Article Title." Website Title. Publisher of Website, Day Month Year article was published. Web. Day Month Year article was accessed. . (Websites)

source of information in the report, you give the name(s) of the author(s) and the date of

The article “Shutting Shame Down" can be an insightful article for each one of us. Everyone struggles with some sort of shame. The article presented ways we can shut down the feelings of shame we have. We all have different feelings of shame nonetheless we all still have the feeling. This article discusses different ways of prohibiting shame from limiting our lives or hindering our potential. By recognizing, sharing, and then building self-compassion shame can be controlled.

Dr. Sandra D. Wilson (2001) asks, “Have you ever felt as if you were the only caterpillar in a butterfly world? Do you often feel as if you have to do twice as much to be half as good as other” (p. 16)? If you answered, yes, then that is what Wilson (2001) calls binding shame. “Shame is the soul-deep belief that something is horribly wrong with me that is not wrong with anyone else in the entire world. If I am bound by shame, I feel hopelessly, distinguishingly different and worthless (p. 16).

In “Shame: The emotions and morality of violence,” James Gilligan, a professor of Psychiatry at New York University, argues to make a point that shame can lead to violence in a certain amount of people. After working and interviewing with two convicts in a prison, he learns that there are three preconditions to be met before being considered violent. The first is to not show their feelings of being ashamed due to it threatening their masculinity. The second is that they can’t counteract shame with their social status, achievements, friends and family. The last is not to feel love, guilt, or fear. These preconditions make Gilligan more understanding of the inmates and their lives.

Shame can lead to protecting oneself through anger and control.  When these strategies do not work or are inappropriate one withdraws themselves and avoids.

Profoundly interpersonal, the experience of shame is also therefore social and cultural. Shame is the result of feeling deficient, whether in relation to a parent, an admired friend, or a more powerful social group (39).