Acid Rain: Myths And Misconceptions

Acid deposition can come in two forms, dry and wet. Wet deposition is when the acid falls in the form of fog, snow or other precipitation. Dry deposition is found in dry areas where it does not precipitate often. In these areas the chemicals fall as dust or smoke, and stick to whatever they land on. Acid deposition can be result to both natural and manmade sources. Natural sources of acid deposition include electrical storms, volcanoes, and decaying vegetation. Man-made emissions, from power plants that burn fossil fuels are released into the atmosphere as nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). These elements react to oxygen, water, and other gasses in the atmosphere in order to form acidic compounds. These acidic compounds then fall in either a wet or dry form. Acid rain can have a potentially devastating effects on the ecosystem it falls on. When acid rain hits the ground, it faces a natural buffer in the soil often in the form of limestone and calcium carbonate. The water will then travel into either a stream or a lake, where it affects fish. If the fallen rain has a pH at or below 5 undesirable species invade, often in the form of mosses or plankton. The top layer of water becomes too acidic for the inhabitants reproductive cycle to work properly, slowly killing off the

It is caused by pollutants in the water, when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine in the atmosphere. Sulfur dioxide is formed by coal burning power plants and nitrogen oxides are made by car exhaust (1).The precipitation of acid rain occurs in the sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, and the carbon cycle. Acid rain can be harmful to plants, animals, can pollutes rivers and streams, and destroys statues and buildings. Acid rain can suck the nutrients out of plants, or release a toxic substance into plant roots. The problem being investigated in this experiment how much acid rain affected building materials.

This causes the perception to be unusually acidic. Acid rain has many harmful effects within the ecosystem of oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds, because once the water becomes too strongly acidic, certain species will start to die in said ecosystem. In this case, the species that will begin to die, include fish. Acidic rain, along with snow and fog can also be considered dangerous to humans as well, as it is known to cause respiratory

Table 2: Ingredients used for ondansetron gel: S.No Ingredients Quantity 1 Carbopol 940 0.5% 2 Ethanol 15gms 3 PEG 15gms 4 Triethanolamine 5gms 5 Water Qs Evaluation Parameters of ondansetron gel: Formulations of microsponges containing Ondanserton were characterized for pH using pH meter, viscosity using a Brookfield digital viscometer. pH of Formulation: 1ml quantity of each formulation was transferred to a beaker and diluted by using distilled water to make 25ml. pH of the resulting solution was determined using digital pH meter. Viscosity Measurement: The viscosity measurements were carried out by using Brookfield programmable DV-II LV model (Brookfield Eng.

Introduction In this lab we are going to be experimenting with electricals fields, we will be studying how objects’ electrical fields will behave when charged. According to Hyperphysics an electric field is known as the electric force per unit charge this electric field points in the direction of the negative charge and outward the positive charge and it is also known as E=F/q. Moreover, in this experiment we will notice how depending on the object’s shape, the electrical field will differ on its direction, behavior and magnitude. In addition, by using a 12V power source, we will be applying a positive charge to one shape and a negative charge to the other shape.

freedom, serenity, and having good health and financial status. While this is understood, researchers took into consideration the meaning of these qualities and how it affects the participants’ in particular ways. It showed that many felt a good overall well-being before their loved ones became ill, and for others it meant they had to stay strong and be there for their family. In addition, freedom was a major aspect to the quality of life for the participants. Freedom was described by participants as having time for themselves to do activities or errands, but instead their mind was taken by the patient’s needs.

The pH of rainwater is roughly 5.6, which is slightly acidic due to the presence of carbon dioxide in air and its ability to dissolve in water to form carbonic acid (Spring 2016). Any rain with a pH lower of 5.6 is considered acid rain. In Indiana, the soil and rocks in the state contain calcium carbonate, which is a weak base and acts as a buffer. The weak base creates resists the rain of becoming more acidic because it attracts hydrogen ions. In this experiment, we will test the pH of various water samples from the Bloomington area, along with calculating the buffer capacity of two of the samples.

As claimed by the National Geographic which has been around for over 100 years and has some of the world 's best researchers, scientists, and photographers working for them, acid rain is created from different chemicals that are put in the air unnaturally. Acid rain is any precipitation including snow and fog, that has high levels of nitric and sulfuric acid. When acid rain falls from the sky, it continues causing more and more damage around the world (“Effects Felt”). Scientists have proven that acid rain has been said to have a pH of 4.3 while pure water has a pH of 7. Meaning that acid rain has around the same acidity as orange juice and vinegar. This is extremely destructive to the environment. It is basically the same as pouring vinegar and orange juice all over the plants and lakes. Acid rain is an aberrant

Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is a complicated problem. Caused by air pollution, acid rain's spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain.

How Acid rain is formed or occurred is when NOx and SO2 react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form multiple acidic compounds. What increases the rate of these reactions is sunlight and what all of these gases creates is a solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acids. How we measure acid rain or acid depositions is a scale we call pH, which measures the amount of acidic compounds that are in the rain. A cool fact is that the amount of pH in pure rain is 7.0. Pure water has a little bit of acidic compounds in it.

The acid rain may fall hundreds of miles from the pollution source. Once it hits the ground chemical alterations still go on which can reduce the acidity of the water that will reach lakes and streams. Alkaline soils can neutralize acid directly. In acidic soils two other processes can stop the effects of the acidic pH. The acid can be immobilized as the soil vegetation retains sulfate and nitrate ions (from the nitric and sulfuric acids). It can also be buffered through a process that is known as cation exchange. In cation exchange of calcium, magnesium, and other metals found in many soils takes the place of the acid's hydrogen ions. The source of the metal ions is rock weathering: the dissolving of minerals by precipitation and groundwater containing dissolved carbon dioxide, which gives the positive metal ions with anions of bicarbonate (HCO3 -). Then, when sulfuric acid is added the sulfate (SO4 2-) of the acid can displace calcium and magnesium ions, hydrogen ions responsible for acidity are left behind. The effectiveness of this natural buffer is dependent on the geology of the land.

Acid rain causes long term damage to environmental habitats such as forests and lakes. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are released into the atmosphere they react with atmospheric molecules, sulfuric and nitric acid are formed; the equations on the slide show the reactions that occur between the compounds and HO molecules in the air. These acids are then deposited as either rain or dust, depending on the climate that they are in. The acids damage every structure they land on, as a result forests degrade and soil and water sources are poisoned; acid rain can also occur in cities, eroding buildings and even vehicles.

Acid rain refers to precipitation that is more acidic (having lower pH levels) than average. In more detail, acid rain is a type of precipitation that has mixtures of wet and dry materials coming from the atmosphere, which includes more nitric and sulfuric acids (Conserve Energy Future: Acid Rain). Acid rain can also be written as “Acid Deposition” because the acid rain could come down as other precipitation, for instance, snow. This became a worldwide problem due to the effects it can have on land, aquatic ecosystems, buildings, vegetation and more. The acidity of the acid rain will distort the pH levels and break down elements to harm whatever this type of precipitation touches.

First things first, what is a pH level? The pH level is short for potential hydrogen, and the level is used to find the acidity of an aqueous solution. The scale ranges from zero to fourteen, and seven being the most neutral level in the scale. The higher the level (over level 7), it contains more oxygen, and more alkaline it is. Lower the level (below level 7), it becomes more acidic and contains less oxygen. Do not think that dropping one level in the pH scale won’t make a big difference, “…the pH scale is a logarithmic measure. This means that every pH change of one is a tenfold change in acid content.” (“Acid Rain: The Environment”). Rain, for instance, should be around 5.3 to 6.0 pH level of acidity, a little acidic but not too much to harm things drastically.

Acid rain is the general term that includes any form of precipitation composed of sulfuric or nitric acid. When sulfur and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and vehicles, they are transported by wind currents; reacting with water, oxygen, and other elements to form acids. As a result, these acids mix with water and fall to the ground, polluting soil or various bodies of water. Although this cycle is unseen, acid rain dramatically affects the environment, especially crop growth and health.