Acid Rain Lab Report

The purpose of this lab is to simulate the effects of slightly acidic rainwater on rocks and minerals.

The purpose of the experiment was to determine how a buffer works and how to use an acid-base indicator. The way a buffer works was determined by observing the changes in pH of solutions of different concentrations weak acids and their conjugate bases to determine how a buffer affects the pH change. The solution of 10 mL of 0.20 M CH3COOH and 10 mL of 0.20 M CH3COONa had slighter changes in pH than the solution of 10 mL of 0.0020 M CH3COOH and 10 mL of 0.0020 M CH3COONa. Both of these solutions were buffers, shown because they had slighter changes in pH than the solutions with only the weak acid or conjugate base and water. The determination of how buffers work was also tested with observing that the solution of NaC4H3O4 and Na2C4H2O4 had smaller

This experiment was performed to evaluate the following hypothesis: Red cabbage indicator can be used as a measure of pH.

The problem that needed to be solved for this experiment was, “How are organisms able to survive and function with proficiency despite metabolic activities that have the disastrous ability to alter pH from a neutral to an acidic or basic environment?” This question needed to be answered by testing different biological materials, as well as tap water, in order to find out what allows modern day organisms to survive such hazardous conditions. A hypothesis that was formulated before experimenting was, “If type of substance is Tap Water, then the changes in pH will be more drastic because water, considered neutral on the pH scale, doesn’t contain a component that will prevent such a change, unlike the content of a buffer solution.” The independent variable for this experiment was type of substance, evidently because this was the part of the experiment that was constantly being changed from trial to trial. The dependent variable for this experiment was pH of the substance because the pH constantly changed depending on the type of substance was being experimented with. The control of this experiment was the tap water and buffer solutions, as the results of the data from the biological materials were constantly compared to the data from both of these solutions.

-pH: Most dirt and food are acidic; therefore, the measure of relative concentrations of OH- and H+ ions in our detergent and water solution will be altered. Using a pH probe and a LabQuest, we will measure the sample with the detergent and one without tide detergent. We will continue to measure the pH with the pH probe weekly to see if there is any change.

Over five weeks the measured height of both the acid and control columns decreased. The experimental group exhibited a lower percent loss than the control group (Fig 1). Initially the experimental column had a greater decrease in height to that of the control group (92.9% remaining to 96.7% remaining in week two). The biggest difference in measured height for the groups was week two when the experimental column had a height of 21.8 cm compared to the controls height of 24.3cm. The gap between the groups narrowed following week two and both groups shifted towards having a closer average.

The experiment included four cups: One contained 50% vinegar, the second contained 10% vinegar, a third contained soda water, and the fourth contained distilled water. The hypothesis for the cup with 50% vinegar was that this would have the greatest amount of chemical weathering because it had the most acidic solution. The hypothesis for the cup with 10% vinegar solution was that this would have the second-most chemical weathering, having the second-most acidic solution. The hypothesis for the cup with soda water was that this would be next in chemical weathering, having soda in the water. The cup with distilled water was hypothesized to have the least amount of chemical weathering because distilled water should be the most neutral

For this experiment the materials included: three beakers, three antacid tablets, water at three different pH values, pH test strips, a graduated cylinder, a thermometer, a timer, a piece of paper to record results, and a pencil. To begin the experiment, each table gathered their supplies, and measured out twenty five milliliters of the solution that had a neutral pH into the first beaker, labeled beaker A, and tested the solution for its pH using a pH test strip. Next, the students dropped one of the antacid tablets into beaker A and, with the timer, timed the rate of reaction and, after the reaction was done, measured the temperature of the water in degrees Celsius with the thermometer. The students then measured twenty five milliliters of the solution that was acidic into the second beaker, labeled beaker B, and again tested for the pH of the solution with a pH test strip. The class then did the same process as aforementioned the class dropped one antacid tablet into the beaker, and measuring its rate of reaction and temperature in degrees Celsius using a thermometer.

For this experiment, I used paper cups, 50 mL beaker, burner, the stand, weighted scale, magnet, and the mixture of solids to separate sand, salt, iron and benzoic acid. The materials that were necessary for this experiment were included in

Also, the pH of buffer increased by 0.2 after addition of 1.00ml, and decreased by 0.4 after addition of 1.00ml HCl. When HCl or NaOH is added to the water, pH changed significantly. According to Campbell biology textbook, pH of 2.5 is the acidity of vinegar, and around pH of 11.5 indicates household ammonia.

Improvements In addition to resolving the errors present in the experiment, ways to obtain more accurate and conclusive data would be to increase the sample size by testing more concentrations of hydrochloric acid. Experimenting with other strong acids, such as sulfuric and nitric acid, would also increase the sample size and will allow for more results potentially support the question proposed. Repeating the experiment would decrease random results from occurring, making results

Introduction The inspiration for this experiment came from a book called Counting by Sevens by Holly Sloan. The main character in the book has a garden and she regularly checks the pH value of the soil in her garden. From this came the idea to do this science fair experiment on pH values. Through the years people have found out the different ideal soil pH values of plants, herbs, vegetables, as well as the pH value of cow’s milk and blood.

Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this experiment is to use both cabbage juice and pH paper to determine the pH of household items. This way, we can tell which products are basic and which one are acidic. If we use cabbage juice as an universal pH indicator by comparing it to pH paper then pH determined by the cabbage juice will be unstable because by using cabbage juice, it can be different depending on how diluted it is.

1. What effects did each of the contaminants have on the water in the experiment? Use Table 1 for reference.

This experiment was an observational study of the correlation of wood species and surface coatings to the water absorption of wood. I took data on the amount of water absorbed by red oak, red maple, aspen, and balsam poplar wood of the same volume, but with varying surface coatings. My control group was left untreated, leaving the wood in its natural state. The four samples of wood in the other two groups were painted with latex paint and oil-based stain respectively. The twelve total samples were then placed into buckets filled with water. At the end of seven days, the amount of water absorbed by wood was determined by measuring the amount of water remaining in the buckets. My hypothesis was that the species of wood and surface coatings do influence the amount of water absorbed by the wood. I believed that the surface coatings applied to the wood would aid in preventing a greater amount of water absorbed than in the wood’s natural state, and that