1. Explain some of the benefits a student may gain by studying philosophy.
Students gain various benefits by studying philosophy. One of the benefits is that by the end of the course a student is put in the position to examine their own beliefs. This helps students realize what is true and was is not, which may be something most people don’t give much thought. The study of philosophy displays different ways to think, reason, and evaluate ideas that may be unknown to someone who has no knowledge of philosophy. Philosophy is everywhere in the world around us so, it would be wise not to be ignorant towards it.
2. Explain the Socratic Method of Teaching. Is this a useful way for students to learn?
The Socratic Method is one of the oldest and
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Abduction is the process of reasoning that is a type of non-deductive inference where based on the evidence at hand we draw an inference to the best explanation. For example, if we know there was a football game today, but we did not see the score, but we see a picture of all the fans belonging to one of the teams sad and crying, it is safe for us to conclude that the team has lost and the other team has won (pg. 7-10).
5. Explain some of different areas of philosophy which will be discussed in this course.
Some of the different areas of philosophy are logic, Metaphysics: Nature of Existence, Epistemology: Theory of Knowledge, Philosophy of Religion, Aesthetics, and Ethics: Study of Right and Wrong, Political Philosophy (pg.6).
6. Compare and contrast various views on substance such as materialism, dualism and idealism.
Materialism, dualism, and idealism are all alike in the sense that they all state what is considered real. Idealism claims that reality is immaterial, something other than matter. Materialism claims that reality, or Being, consists of physical objects and their components. Substance Dualism claims that both the immaterial and the material objects exist.
7. Evaluate the 4 views as to the nature of universals and particulars.
The 4 views are extreme or platonic realism, exaggerated realism, conceptualism and extreme nominalism. For extreme or platonic realism, Plato argues that reality
Dualism is defined as the view that hold what exist is either physical or mental. (pg.98). Also dubbed the “two-realms view” by Plato, identifies some things as having both components, it is the most accepted idea since most believe that there has to be a mental connection with physical items. Materialism is the view that only the physical exist (pg.98). There is no connection mentally to the physical material; I believe this is stating that we did not have a real idea towards the material. Idealism is the view that only the mental exist. (pg.99). this is the most farfetched one of them all, that everything we know is a perception not a
According to Merriam-Webster (2016), philosophy is “an analysis of the grounds of and concepts expressing fundamental beliefs” (para. 1). Most people have a philosophy that is either a vague, general idea or a distinct guiding principle that is based on beliefs relevant to the individual, to their patients, families, communities, and colleagues. The beliefs that comprise a person’s philosophy influence the choices that person makes. Many base their choice of profession on their beliefs, thereby ensuring that the principles of their career are consistent with their personal expectations. For example, getting a job or taking actions that are inconsistent with someone’s beliefs is one of the causes of stress and burnout. Therefore, it is healthy for individuals to clarify their philosophy to help guide them to make choices and to live a life consistent with their
The three responses to this longstanding issue in western philosophy include materialism, dualism and idealism. Materialism can be defined simply as the only things there are all material or physical things. Idealists believe that there are no material things; there are only minds, and thoughts and experiences. While dualists think that the mental and physical are deeply different in kind: thus the mental is at least not identical with the physical.
Dualism covers the issue that is concerned with the connection between the mind and the brain, and whether humans are composed of all physical matter or contain a mind along with a physical body. Dualism is the belief that humans have both a non-physical mind along with a physical body. There are two types of dualism, which include Substance Dualism and Property Dualism. Substance Dualism claims the mind exists independently from the body, and Property Dualism claims the brain causes the mind into existence. When compared to the other beliefs mentioned prior, Dualism provides strong arguments made by René Descartes and Gottfried Leibniz that help us understand and answer the questions previously mentioned. The main differences between Substance Dualism and Property Dualism are not far
As discussed in class, philosophy is about engaging yourself in conversation to the extent of thinking what other people are saying with virtues in mind. It is interesting to figure out how one comes to an opinion or thought and where the evidence comes
The main goal in philosophy is to shows us the right way on how to live a great life and to understand its meaning and purpose. Every philosopher has their own blueprint, which includes different methods and rules on how to reach that goal; these include backing up your opinions with reason, seeking secure foundations in ‘objective truth’, thinking outside of your own perspective, and seeking intellectual and moral excellence, wisdom and prudence. Philosophy will help you analyze and learn about your own knowledge, freedom, morality, religion, and the meaning of life.
The meaning of philosophy is the love of wisdom, questioning everything including ourselves. Philosophizing is about questioning the meaning of life.
Abductive reasoning is mostly considered as a reasoning pattern than a data fusion technique. For any event that has been observed, the abduction method attempts to find the best explanation. Therefore, different inference methods, like NNs or fuzzy logic , can be employed.
The phrase “Socratic method” gets tossed around quite a bit during the course of a liberal arts education. One way of describing this method is teaching by means of asking. The thought is that by asking questions, a teacher may trigger some thought in the student’s mind which comes about more organically and effectively than by the means of traditional lecture. Employing the Socratic method allows a teacher to guide a student’s train of thought toward a particular goal, and use of the method requires on the part of the teacher both a keen understanding of psychology and a clear idea as to where the line of questioning is intended to lead. The latter part of that statement becomes
To begin, it is important to understand and analyze what philosophy is and ultimately what a philosophical question is. Philosophy is a quest after knowledge. Philosophy is the action of thought and analysis, in fact, it is a pretty unique type of
In understanding, Idealism and Materialism, it takes an open mind in reading the writings “The Republic,” “Materialism,” and “Metaphysics” from both Plato and Aristotle. Materialism, your mind is a product and part of the world, idealism the world is a product of and is just in our minds, and metaphysics abstract theory or talk with no basis in reality. I consider Idealism to be the best way to understand reality, than anything else. Think about a chair, what can you do in this chair; sit, touch, and maybe even smell in the wood in the chair. In our brain, we form an image of the ‘chair’ the issue in this is whether we can regard the thing that caused the perceptions as real or not. The chair is made from an idea and is formed in our
Philosophy can be described as a chance for person to undertake an opportunity to understand themselves, our world and society, and relations between ourselves and one another. Those who are able to study philosophy, can find out what is to be human, what kind of person is it good to be, and especially how are we to live a good life. I, myself, have had an opportunity to take a philosophy class and as my time in philosophy is starting to come to a close, I am suddenly realizing how Philosophy has changed the aspects and my outlook upon my life.
The essay "The Value of Philosophy" by Bertrand Russell suggests that many “practical” people view philosophy as rather useless, because these people are – according to Bertrand Russell – operating both with wrong conceptions about the ends of life and wrong conceptions about what goods philosophy strives to achieve. According to Russell the value of philosophy is in what it does for the person who studies it. He makes the point that goods of the mind are as important in life as goods of the body. He says that the main value of philosophy is that it enlarges one’s thoughts, brings one into union with the “not-Self”, and helps us avoid being caught in narrowness as human beings. His main ideas are that philosophy is to be studied to enrich our intellects, diminish our dogmatism, and make us citizens of the universe.
Philosophy, like all other studies, aims primarily at knowledge. The knowledge it aims at is the kind of knowledge which gives unity and system to the body of the science,
There are currently four major theories about the nature of reality and substance— materialism/physicalism, idealism, transcendental idealism, and dualism. Materialism is the theory that there is only the physical and material world. Idealism takes the position that reality is made up of ideas and immaterial. Transcendental idealism holds the idea that our experience of things are shaped by how they appear to us and not by what they are in and of themselves. Both materialism and idealism are forms of monism. Monism is the belief that reality is only made up of one “substance,” either material or mental. Dualism, on the other hand, suggests that there is both the mental world