Chapter 14_

4. Glycolysis takes place in the: _____ A) nucleus B) lysosome C) cytoplasm D) mitochondria 6. Which of the following pathways directly produces acetyl CoA? _____ A) Hydrolysis of proteins B) glycolysis C) β-oxidation D) Hydrolysis of a polysaccharide E) All of the above

The major control enzyme in glycolysis is: a) hexokinase  b)  phosphofructokinase   c)  aldolase    d)  pyruvate kinase In step 4, when fructose-1,6-biphosphate is cleaved, the two molecules formed are: a) GAP and DHAP b)  GAP and 3-PG   c)  3-PG and 2-PG   d)  PEP and pyruvate NAD is used in which step? A)  conversion of DHAP to GAP    b) conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG   c)  conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3-PG   d) conversion of PEP to pyrunate The number of ATP molecules formed at the substrate level in glycolysis is: a)  1  B)  2   c)   3   d)   5 The number of ATP molecules formed indirectly via oxidative phosphorylation in glycolysis is: a)  1  B)  2   c)   3   d)   5

What enzyme is inhibited by the group of medications known as statins? a)HMG-CoA synthase b)Aromatase c)Fatty acid synthase d)Cyclooxygenase

Degradation of fats as an energy source involves all of the following excepta) β -oxidation.b) acetyl-CoA.c) glycerol.d) lipase.e) transamination.

1) which are the substrates of aerobic respiration? A)Glucose B)Carbon dioxide C)Water D)Oxygen   2) In glycolysis, what three-carbon molecules are left after the ten enzymatic steps? A)pyruvate B)acetyl CoA C)Glucose D)Succinyl CoA   3) What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain? A)Oxygen B)Carbon dioxide C)ATP D) ATP synthase

A molecule which stimulates glycolysis in liver tissue, but inhibits gluconeogenesis is a) oxaloacetate  b)  pyruvate  c)  fructose 2,6-biphosphate  d) alpha ketoglutarate Which bifunctional enzyme is found in liver tissue which regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? A) hexokinase/glucokinase b) PFK-2/fructose 2,6-biphosphatase c)  pyruvate dehydrogenase / pyruvate kinase   d)  aldolase/triose isomerase An archetypal channel pore is the same thing as: a) a symporter b)  an antiporter   c)  a 7-TM receptor   d)  a selectivity filter MDR protein is also called: a) alpha-protease b)  p-glycoprotein   c)   the Na/K pump    d)  cholecystokinin In hemoglobin, which of these molecules binds to heme? A) oxygen b) CO2   c)   BPG    d)  all of these Which of these is not associated with the insulin receptor? A) IRS b) cyclic AMP   c) PIP3    d)   AKT The beta barrel motif is often found in which types of proteins? A) pore and channel proteins b)  proteases    c)  7-TM receptors    d)…

Which of the following statements about the malate-aspartate shuttle is false? a) 2.5 ATPs are formed per cytoplasmic NADH shuttled. b) Transamination is involved. c) Cytoplasmic oxaloacetate is converted to malate. d) Mitochondrial malate is converted to oxaloacetate. e) Antiport transport is not involved.

Which of the following condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate?   A) carboxybiotin B) cis-aconitate C) acetyl-CoA D) oxalosuccinate E) succinyl-phosphate

and incorporated inside a molecule. Which? a) ATP beautiful c) pyruvate d) carbon dioxide 8- A) What process is typical of a cellular respiration transition reaction? B) What process takes place in the cytoplasm? a) A: pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA B: glycolysis b) A: production of citric acid B: glycolysis c) A: glucose converted into two molecules of pyruvate B: electron transport chain d) A: production of water from oxygen (O2) B: Krebs cycle

The carbon skeleton produced by the lysine deamination can produce: A)Oxaloacetate B)Acetyl-CoA C)Glutamate D)α-ketoglutarate E)Fumarate Answer with explanations is better

What enzyme produces the compound that inhibits the movement of fatty acyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix to undergo oxidation? a)citrate b)malonyl-CoA c)citrate synthase d)carnitine acyltransferase I e)Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

which of the following glycolytic reactions is an oxidation? a) G3P to 1,3-BPG b) PEP to Pyr c) lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions  d) condensation of acetate with OAA e) succinate decarboxylase reaction

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C) acetyl CoA D) ATP 57) Which of the following processes is driven by H+ ions trapped in the inter membrane space? A) oxidative phosphorylation C) ATP hydrolysis B) substrate-level phosphorylation D) reduction of NAD+ to NADH 58) Which of the follovin

Which of the following statement regarding coenzyme A is incorrect? a) The B vitamin pantothenic acid is present as a subunit of its structure. b) Its main biochemical function is to transfer acetyl groups. c) Its structure contains a phosphorylated ADP.. d) The B vitamin pantothenic acid is the “active” subunit of the coenzyme A.

Which of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes substrate-level phosphorylation?   A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinyl CoA synthetase D) succinate dehydrogenase E) malate dehydrogenase

3-day -old female newborn with a deficiency of mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthetase develops seizures and lapses into a coma. Which of the following changes in blood concentration is the most likely cause?A) Decreased glucoseB) Increased ammoniaC) Increased ketone bodiesD) Increased lactateE) Increased urea

1) Gluconeogenesis refers to ________. A) the breakdown of glycogen B) the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources C) the formation of glycogen. D) splitting of glucose to pyruvate E) fermentation  of glucose to ethanol   3) Glycogenesis refers to ________. A) the breakdown of glycogen B) the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources C) the formation of glycogen D) splitting of glucose to pyruvate E) fermentation  of glucose to ethanol   3) Ketosis is a condition that can occur if A) ketone bodies instead of glucose are used for energy. B) too many ketones are ingested. C) too much protein is available in the diet. D) the brain is starved of glucose. E) low fat intake occurs.

Which of the following gives rise to y-amino butyrate? a) Pyruvate decarboxylation b) Glutamine synthase c) Glutamate synthase d) Glutamate decarboxylation

Define the following nutritional terms.a) glycolytic-b) glucogenic-c) glycogenic-d) glycogenolytic-e) lipolytic-f) lipogenic-g) proteogenic-h) proteolytic-

a) Briefly discuss aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis.b) Explain the phenomenon of "induced fit" using hexokinase as an example.c) Explain how enzymes function as molecular catalysts.d) ‘The origin of life is a co‐evolutionary process.’ Briefly explain.e) How does insulin maintain glucose level?

1- The substrate used in the last step of glycolysis is: A) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateB) PyruvateC) 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerateD) Phosphoenolpyruvate 2- One of cellular processes is breaking down large molecules into smaller ones, which term most precisely describes this: A) catalysisB) dehydrationC) metabolismD) anabolismE) catabolism

What enzyme will be used if only the non-oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway is operating to produce ribose 5-phosphate? a) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase b) 6-phosphoglucono-lactonase c) glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase d) transketolase

Why must nitrogen fixation occur in an anoxic (i.e., oxygen-free) environment? a)Because H2 is an additional product of nitrogen fixation, and the combination of H2 and O2 would cause the cell to combust. b)Oxygen poisons the dinitrogenase enzyme by entering the FeMo cluster c)Oxygen competes as an electron acceptor in the ETC, so electrons cannot be passed to N2. d)Oxygen "steals" electrons from the dinitrogenase reductase, producing free radicals.

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complex allosteric regulation of the aspartate transcarbamoylase reaction is significant because it links? a) citric acid cycle and catecholamine biosynthesis b)glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation c) opiate with neurotransmitter d) glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism e) amino acid and nitrogenous base metabolism

The most commonly used biochemical reducing agent is: a) NADH   b)  NADPH   c)  FADH2    d)  LiALH4 Hexokinase catalyzes: a) conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate b)   conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate   c)  conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate  d)  cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate Which one of these molecules is not found in glycolysis? a) 1,3-biphosphoglycerate b)  phosphoenolpyruvate   c)  pyruvate  d)  oxaloacetate The major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is: a) hexokinase b)  phosphofructokinase   c) aldolase  d)  triose isomerase NADH is produced at which step in glycolysis? a) conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate  b)  cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate   c)  conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate   d) conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to…

Changes in blood pH would largely be a direct result of decreased metabolic flux through a) The Citric Acid Cycle b) Lipid synthesis c) Glycogen synthesis d) Urea Cycle e) Glycolysis f) Oxidative Phosphorylation