(a) Interpretation: Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure. Concept introduction: Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Question

A 1.88/The curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions. Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCI. H [1] + H-i: + :ÖH HO [2] + H-i: [3] phenol

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.62P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

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A 1.88/The curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions. Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCI. H [1] + H-i: + :ÖH HO [2] + H-i: [3] phenol

How many covalent bonds are normally formed by each element? (a) N (b) F (c) C (d) Br (e) O

Question: Consider a hypothetical molecule, X₄Y₃, composed of four atoms of element X and three atoms of element Y. The molecule is in a gaseous state. a) According to the octet rule, which elements are likely to form multiple bonds in this molecule? Explain your reasoning. b) Calculate the total number of valence electrons in X₄Y₃. c) Based on the total number of valence electrons, determine the formal charge on each atom in X₄Y₃.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.62P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.62P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.62P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.62P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.62P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.62P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Concept introduction:

Line structures are compact like condensed structures. When drawing line structures, carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them are not drawn explicitly. A carbon atom is implied at the intersection of two bonds and at the end of each bond. All the other atoms except carbon and hydrogen are shown explicitly. Non-bonding electrons are usually not shown unless they are important to emphasize an aspect of the atom.

Answer 18

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Answer 29

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.4P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.6P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.8P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the given Lewis structure is to be drawn using line structure.

Chapter 1 Solutions