The scale bar in panels (a) and (d) in this image is 50 um (micrometeraj. Question: Which of the answers below is equivalent to 50 um. Figure description; An immunofluorescence image of uninfected cells (top panel a-c) and virus infected cells (bottom panel d-f). a,d) shon staining for the virus (red); and c.n) show staining for calreticulin (green). The scale bar (white line) represents 50 um. Hoechst/Merge Virus Calre b C d O 50m 50 x 106m 50 x 10-m 50 x 102m + Virus Uninfected cells
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- The plaque assay plate below was made from a dilution of 10-7 and 0.1 ml of the dilution was plated on the cell monolayer. What is the virus titer in PFU/ml? Note: 10e1 means 10 to the first power, etc. Select all answers that apply.Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate-modified protein that ["bind the RNA genome of the virus", "", "is on the surface of the viral particle", ""] and plays a role in both ["replication of the viral genome", "recognition of host cell"] and ["packaging of viral genome for export", "fusion of viral envelope with host cell plasma membrane"] . Importantly, earlier work on spike proteins from other corona viruses showed that this molecule ["remarkable resistance to immune response", "shows remarkable conformational changes"] and only one of these served as a good antigen for vaccine development. A critical discovery in advancing the development of our current vaccines was determining what changes in the amino acid sequence would ["block degradation of the spike protein", "stabilize the conformation of the protein found on the viral particle"]. This…You want to infect a plate of 2x10^6 HeLa cells with poliovirus at an MOI of 10. Your viral stock is at concentration of 8x10^7 particles/ml. What volume of your viral stock do you need to apply to your cells? Show your working
- ut the following steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication in order ag and drop options into correct order and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ✓ ||| = ||| = ||| ||| ||| = Virus binds to a receptor on a human cell's membrane Virus releases its RNA genome into the cell New virus travels to the cell membrane of the host cell and is released outside the cell. Viral RNA genome is translated into proteins by the host cell's ribosomes Viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase helps transcribe more copies of the virus's RNAMany ELISAs that are used to identify the presence of antibody to viruses have a 3rd control (along with negative and positive). In between the rows of wells coated with antigen, are rows of cells coated with tissue culture used to grow the virus. In other words, patient serum is added to wells that contain antigen along with wells that contain tissue culture. Why do you think this might be necessary?In the more common protocol for immunofluorescence detection of cellular proteins, an investigator uses two antibodies. The first binds specifically to the protein of interest. The second is labeled with fluorochromes for easy visualization, and it binds to the first antibody. In principle, one could simply label the first antibody and skip one step. Why use two successive antibodies?
- For the diagram below, which of the following statements is TRUE? (a) V C L -s-s-+ S-S- s-s- с S-S- V CV Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings None of the other four answers is a true statement The constant (C) regions form the antigen binding sites Each antibody (immunoglobulin) molecule is composed of four protein molecules, two identical "light" chains and two identical “heavy” chains The variable (V) regions determine class of antibody Antigens bind to the "stem", composed of the constant regions of the two "heavy" chainsAmong the following structures, the drug that can be given orally against B-lactamase-producing strain: is: CO-H OCH COOH I COOH II NH2 HO COOH III IV COOH Oll ONone of the above OlI OIVWhat is the innate immune response and how is it distinguished from the adaptive immune response? Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v B IUA 2 T? O words / ...
- a) How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can help people against real virus infection. b) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and their entry process on host cells. Then, if you choose onetype of virus protein (spikes, nucleocapsid, membrane or envelope) should be used for vaccine,which is the best candidate? Why?Download BLOSUM30 and BLOSUMB0 substitu- tion matrices and place them side by side on your computer screen. What are the differences between the two matrices? Why do you see these differences?Several cell culture lines of epithelial cells, called “Cell Line A, B, or C,” are incubated with 104 infectious particles of influenza virus, and viral titers in the culture media are measured 2 days later. Looking at the results of this experiment, it is apparent that the three lines do not all show the same response to the virus. To investigate these differences, mixing experiments are performed, where cells from two different cell lines are mixed together at a 1:1 ratio before the Influenza infection. Based on the results shown in the figure below, propose an explanation for these data.