Discuss briefly the principle involved in the estimation of blood glucose by the glucose oxidase method.
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Discuss briefly the principle involved in the estimation of blood glucose by the glucose oxidase method.
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- Tyrosinase enzyme activity is assayed by monitoring the oxidation of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) to the red-colored dopachrome. Calculate the tyrosinase activity (U/mL) by using the experimental data given belowWhat is the principle involved in the method used in determining blood glucose? ExplainThe glucose oxidase (GOD) method is commonly used to determine blood glucose level. Explain, the principle of GOD method by regarding reactions.
- (b) The results in the table below were extracted from clinical reports of pediatric age infants (3 – 5 yr.) who had marked lactic acidosis, elevated blood ammonia, poor motor coordination, and showed mental retardation. From skin fibroblast cell cultures, enzyme assays were carried out, providing the results given below. PDH = pyruvate dehydrogenase; E1, E2, E3 signify the three enzyme activities of the PDH complex measured separately. It should be noted that measurement of the overall activity of the PDH complex employs a different assay system than those used for measurement of the activi- ties of the separate, individual component enzymes. Patient or PDH Complex activity nmol/min/mg protein Native E1 E2 Ез Control +dichloroacetate nmol/h/mg protein Patient 1 0.318 + 0.054 0.322 + 0.053 1.54 0.29 3.69 + 1.21 15.1 + 3.0 Patient 2 0.050 ± 0,031 0.044 + 0.027 0.21 + 0.06 6.5 ± 3.1 9.8 ± 1.3 Patient 3 0.092 + 0.022 0.068 + 0.037 0.21 + 0.06 8.48 13.5 + 2.0 Control 1 0.932 + 0.076 1.368…What is the lowest concentration of glucose that can be detected using Benedict's test and how reproducible are the results?Hemoglobin glycation (so named to distinguish it from glycosylation, which is the enzymatic transfer of glucose to a protein) is a non-enzymatic process that involves reaction of the N-terminal amino group of hemoglobin and glucose. The amount of glycated hemoglobin (GHB) is usually about 5% of total hemoglobin (and corresponds to a blood glucose concentration of 120 mg/100 mL). However, in people with untreated diabetes this value may be as high as 13%, which indicates an average blood level of about 300 mg/100 mL -dangerously high. One of the aims of insulin therapy is to maintain GHB values of about 7%. Draw a possible chemical scheme for the glycation of hemoglobin.
- A person did estimation of blood glucose level by glucose oxidase method. But he forgot toadd ortho - toluidine reagent during glucose oxidase reagent preparation. what is the observation of the result?Gout is characterized by elevated uric acid concentrations in blood and urine due to a variety of metabolic abnormalities that lead to the overproduction of purine nucleotides. Allopurinol is used in the treatment of gout because this drug, and its metabolic product, alloxanthine, act as inhibitors of: а) Xanthine Oxidase PRPP synthetase c) Hypoxhantine guanine phosphoribosyl b) Adenyl succinate synthase d) transferase e) NucleotidesCalculate all the glucose data into cmol. What is the number of cmol glucose at timepont 10.42 (19.65 g/L)?
- Describe the two phases of the the HMP shunt. Enumerate the reactions in each phase and the corresponding enzyme of each reation. Explain how the HMP shunt is regulated?Metformin is a commonly used treatment for type 2 diabetes. The active compound was isolated from the french lilac plant and was first used in the 1770s to treat individuals with excessive thirst and frequent urination (LaMoia & Shulman, 2020). Its exact mechanism of action is still under debate, but it ultimately works to lower blood glucose levels. Which of the following proposed mechanisms could explain how metformin works? O inhibits the function of liver glycogen synthase, an enzyme involved in glycogenesis O increases the release of glucagon by the pancreas O decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver O inhibits the breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissueThe Beutler test is used to diagnose GALT (UDP-glucose uridyltransferase) deficiency in infants. Blood from the heel is spotted onto filter paper and the spot is then subjected to an enzyme assay. Galactose 1-phosphate, NADP+ and UDP-glucose are added as substrates to the dried blood. The increase in absorbance at 340nm is measured over time which corresponds to reduction of NADP+ to NADPH . The amount of GALT activity in the blood of patients is therefore measured by stoichiometric relationship to the amount of NADPH produced from NADP+. However, GALT does not directly reduce NADP+ as you can see in the above diagram. Instead, the glucose 1-phosphate product from this reaction is shuttled into the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway by enzymes also present in RBCs. Which three (or possibly more if you must) enzymes downstream of GALT allow for quantitative correlation of a product of GALT with the appearance of NADPH? What is the stoichiometric relationship…