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- 1. Precise words:Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more preciseterms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure).(i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations.(ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight.(iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell.(iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify thissurprising effect.(v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state. 2. Simple words:Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases withsimpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure).(i) These data substantiate our hypothesis.(ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted forby the fact that different conditions were used.(iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we…10- 00 O SCNSA-SCN10A CDKN1A HANDI VTI1A SYTI • MYOCD 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2122 X Y3) Would mRNA vaccines be as effective against bacteria as they are against viruses? Why or why not? Questions related to SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor Science Article (Zhang et al.) 1) What is the function of the viral main protease? 2) What is the amino acid recognition sequence that is cleave by this main protease? Indicate where this protease cuts? 3) Would interfering with this protease effect other proteases in human cells? 4) How closely related are the amino acid sequences between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV? What does this suggest about focusing research on inhibiting this enzyme?
- 4:32 120-201 FA22 Homework 02 2.docx 10. When a primary signal needs to be sent to most cells throughout a multicellular organism, the signal most suited for this is a AG) neurotransmitter. AH) hormone. AI) dissolved gas. AJ) transcription factor. AK) translation elongation factor Answer: Explanation: 5G 100 AM) the steroid hormones AN) tyrosine-derived epinephrin and norepinephrin AO) serotonin and melatonin (tryptophan-derived mammalian neurotransmitters) 11. Hydrophobic primary messengers usually cause molecular changes leading to modifications in metabolism. Examples of hydrophobic primary messengers are Explain what are their general chemical properties. AL) thyroxine (tyrosine-derived hormone) and insulin (a small peptide hormone) AP) auxins (tryptophan-derived plant hormones) Answer: Explanation: 12. Which statement regarding cell-surface receptors is correct? AQ) lon-channel-coupled receptors alter the membrane potential directly by changing the permeability of the plasma…Antigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra-matic changes in the viral antigens. It is likely they arise fromrare events in which:(a) Two different influenza viruses infect a cell at the sametime(b) Two separate viruses undergo lysogenic conversion(c) Two viruses conjugate(d) Mutations accumulate(e) All of the aboveResearchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able to circumvent its host cell's normal defenses by leaving the cell via its lyso- somes rather than its normal secretory vesicles, as illustrated in the figure below. endoplasmic reticulum nucleus disrupted lysosomal functions Entry and egress of the SARS-CoV-2 virus A Golgi complex Which of the following best explains their findings? B lysosome (deacidified) С lysosome (acidified) B-coronavirus normal biosynthetic pathway egress via lysosomal trafficking SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them. D SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them.
- 4:17 Regarding chronic disease prevention, match each term with the phrase that best describes it Molecule produced by innate immune cells. that is involved in maintaining chronic inflammation A protein produced by the liver that is al frequently used marker of chronic inflammation The degree to which a certain food elevates blood glucose after it's eaten A small molecule that can bind to histones and DNA, frequently with the result of gene silencing An enzyme that rebuilds the end caps of chromosomes after each cell division, thus prolonging the life of the cell [Choose] [Choose] Interleukin-6 TNF-alpha Methyl Tag Glycemic Load C Reactive Protein Glycemic Index Telomerase [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose] Xa) How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can help people against real virus infection. b) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and their entry process on host cells. Then, if you choose onetype of virus protein (spikes, nucleocapsid, membrane or envelope) should be used for vaccine,which is the best candidate? Why?00 Examine the structures below of several anti-viral drugs. Match the anti-viral drugs with the correct description or mechanism: NH2 HN NH HO. HN H OH N=N=N AZT (Zidovudine) HO HO. Solvadi Amantadine Acyclovir Nevirapine inhibits the viral DNA polymerase of herpesviruses | əsooy) | an allosteric (noncompetitive) inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase | Choose ] blocks the M2 channel in the Flu virion so the virus cannot sense acidic pH Amantadine the first nucleoside analog designed to inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase [ Choose ] Hepatitis C drug that blocks the viral RNA polymerase [ Choose ] 31 EEO 24 6 4. 9
- After lambda infects a cell, how does it decide to create a lysogen? Name the major cis and transplayers and their function.A cell infected with lambda bacteriophage can follow one of two pathways: the lytic or lysogenic pathway. Describe the similarities and differences between the structure of cI and Cro, paying particular attention to the features that allow them to carry out their different functions.1. Using the sensitization and hypersensitive process for a Type I hypersensitivity as your model, please design a process (yes, this is hypothetical) that would make your type 1 diabetic patient's pancreas regain normal function. Please include in your answer the roles of DNA, ribosomes, the signal transduction process and the golgi apparatus in your design. In addition, please explain what causes a Type I hypersensitivity and physiological roles of the pancreas in the body. Last, why did you have to wait seven ten days before you removed your antibodies from your experimental animal? Hint: Use glucose or some other molecule as how pollen was used in the sensitization and hypersensitive process that was discussed in class. -