Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 42, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction

To explain: The effect decreased oxytocin has on breast-feeding.

Concept introduction: Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that is involved in social bonding, sexual reproduction, child birth, and milk production in the mammary glands of the female.

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A woman is in labor. The size of the fetus combined with the contractions of the uterine muscular layer stretches the uterine wall, stimulating stretch receptors in the cervix. Signals from these receptors are conducted through nerves to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus/posterior pituitary releases oxytocin. The oxytocin travels through the blood and stimulates the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. Oxytocin has two effects on the uterine smooth muscle:1. Itdirectlystimulatesthesmoothmuscletocontractmorefrequentlyandmoreforcefully.2. Itcausestheuterinewalltoreleaseprostaglandins,whichincreasethefrequencyandforceofthe contractions even more.These effects push the fetus more forcefully into the cervix, stimulating the stretch receptors further. The receptors send additional impulses to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The increased activation of the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary stimulates release of additional oxytocin, which further stimulates the uterus.…
For each hormone, select whether the hormone is increasing or decreasing at the beginning of parturition. In addition, select the correct effect that the change in hormone secretion causes. Hormone Levels Resulting Effect Increasing Decreasing Causes the endometrial layer to break away from the uterus Causes the endometrial layer to be maintained Increases uterine contractions Decreases uterine contractions Increases milk production in the mother's breasts Decrease milk production in the mother's breasts   Hormone Hormone Levels Resulting Effect Estrogen     Progesterone     Oxytocin     Prostaglandins     Prolactin
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Reproduction: Crash Course Zoology #9; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poLyJDVjKlM;License: Standard youtube license