Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 31, Problem 11P
To determine
The diagram of Polaroid sunglasses.
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A person riding in a boat observes that the sunlight reflectedby the water is polarized parallel to the surface of the water. Theperson is wearing polarized sunglasses with the polarization axisvertical. If the wearer leans at an angle of 21.5° to the vertical,what fraction of the reflected light intensity will pass throughthe sunglasses?
Most of the glare from nonmetallic surfaces is polarized, the axis of polarization being parallel to that of the reflecting surface. Would you expect the polarization axis of Polaroid sunglasses to be horizontal or vertical? Why?
Two polarizing sheets, one directly above the other, transmit p% of the initially unpolarized light that is perpendicularly incident on the top sheet.What is the angle between the polarizing directions of the two sheets?
Chapter 31 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
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- The Poynting vector describes a flow of energy whenever electric and magnetic fields are present. Consider a long cylindrical wire of radius r with a current I in the wire, with resistance R and voltage V. From the expressions for the electric field along the wire and the magnetic field around the wire, obtain the magnitude and direction of the Poynting vector at the surface. Show that it accounts for an energy flow into the wire from the fields around it that accounts for the Ohmic heating of the wire.arrow_forwardTo save money on making military aircraft invisible to radar, an inventor decides to coat them with a nonreflective material having an index of refraction of 1.20, which is between that of air and the surface of the plane. This, he reasons, should be much cheaper than designing Stealth bombers. (a) What thickness should the coating be to inhibit the reflection of 4.00-cm wavelength radar? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?arrow_forwardWhile outdoors on a sunny day, a student holds a large convex lens of radius 4.0 cm above a sheet of paper to produce a bright spot on the paper that Is 1.0 cm in radius, rather than a sharp focus. By what factor is the electric field in the bright spot of light related to the electric field of sunlight leaving the side of the lens facing the paper?arrow_forward
- Unpolarized light in vacuum is incident onto a sheet of glass with index of refraction n. The reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other. Find the angle of incidence. This angle is called Brewsters angle or the polarizing angle. In this situation, the reflected light is linearly polarized, with its electric field restricted to be perpendicular to the plane containing the rays and the normal.arrow_forwardCan a sound wave in air be polarized? Explain.arrow_forwardAt what angle is light inside crown glass completely polarized when reflected from water, as in a fish tank?arrow_forward
- Experiments show that the groundspider Drassodes cupreus uses one of its several pairs of eyes as apolarization detector. In fact, the two eyes in this pair have polarization directions that are at right angles to one another. Supposelinearly polarized light with an intensity of 775 W>m2 shines fromthe sky onto the spider, and that the intensity transmitted by oneof the polarizing eyes is 274 W>m2. (a) For this eye, what is theangle between the polarization direction of the eye and the polarization direction of the incident light? (b) What is the intensitytransmitted by the other polarizing eye?arrow_forwardThe ground spider Drassodes cupreus like many spiders, has several pairs of eyes. It has been discovered that one of these pairs of eyes acts as a set of polarization filters with one eye's polarization direction oriented at 90° to the other eye's polarization direction. In addition, experiments show that the spider uses these eyes to aid in navigating to and from its burrow. Explain how such eyes might aid navigation.arrow_forwardUnpolarized light with an intensity of 125 W/m2passes through polarizing filters that are oriented at an angle of 50° to each other. What is the intensity of the light that emerges from each filter?arrow_forward
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