BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 29, Problem 12WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The differences between clonal selection and clonal deletion, a cytotoxic T cell and a natural killer cell, antigens and antibodies, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, an immunodeficiency and auto-immune disorder.
Introduction:
The responses generated in against the microorganisms for shielding an organism’s body is considered under immunity. There are two types of immunity which affects the individual are innate immunity and acquired immunity. The immunity which is present inside the body of an organism since birth is called “innate immunity.” However, the immunity which is gained over time by the individual’s body is known as “acquired immunity.”
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Explain the difference between clonal deletion and clonal selection;a natural killer cell and a cytotoxic T cell; antibodies and antigens;cell-mediated and humoral immunity; an autoimmune disorder andan immunodeficiency.
Major histocompatibility proteins (MHC) presented with an antigen:
are recognized by T lymphocytes
both may be expressed by any nucleated cell and are recognized by T lymphocytes
both may be expressed by any nucleated cell and are recognized by B lymphocytes
may be expressed by any nucleated cell
are recognized by B lymphocytes
Define cellular immunity and describe the process of activation and clonal selection of T cells.
Chapter 29 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 29.1 - List the cell types that participate in the bodys...Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 29.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 29.1 - Prob. 4MCCh. 29.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 29.2 - Describe the external barriers to infection.Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 29.2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 29.2 - Prob. 5MCCh. 29.3 - Prob. 1MC
Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 29.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 29.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 29.3 - Prob. 5MCCh. 29.4 - What is a vaccine?Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 29.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 29.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 29.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 29.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 29 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 29 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 29 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 29 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 29 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 29 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 29 - During the humoral immune response, a. B cells...Ch. 29 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 29 - How do vaccines prevent infectious disease? a. By...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 29 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 29 - Explain why a scraped knee increases the chance...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 29 - Briefly explain the function of each innate and...Ch. 29 - What do a plasma cell and a memory cell descended...Ch. 29 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 12WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 13WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 29 - Prob. 1SLCh. 29 - Review the survey the Landscape figure in the...Ch. 29 - Add memory B cells, plasma cells, memory cytotoxic...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3PITCh. 29 - Prob. 4PIT
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- Complete the table of the Kinds of Immunity by defining each and giving appropriate CLASSIFICATION NATURAL ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE Natural Active - Artificial Active - Examples: Examples: PASSIVE Natural Passive- Artificial Passive- Examples: Examples:arrow_forwardAcquired or adaptive immunity can be divided in to Natural Active, Natural Passive, Artificial Active, and Artificial Passive Immunity. Which types will lead to long lasting immune protection? Which will provide short term protection?arrow_forwardDetermine if the following description should be categorized as Humoral Immunity (B-cell activity), Cellular Immunity (T-cell activity), or both (B & T-cells perform this activity). 1. Can create antibodies 2. Can destroy pathogens by secreting perforins 3. Is activated by a T-helper cell 4. Undergoes clonal selection 5. Has the ability to stop clonal selection 6. Must have an APC (antigen presenting cell) to be activated 7. Can be activated by pathogen in circulation 8. Migrates around the body in the lymph 9. Can create a tag of MHC proteins to alert body of infection 10. Creates memory cells to recognize the pathogen in the future 11. Stimulated by MHC class 2 APC cells only 12. Can activate the second line of defense by secreting antibodiesarrow_forward
- All of the following are not true about immune modulators, except: Infection control is an integral part of drug therapy. Most can be safely recommended in children. Interferons and interleukins have many drug-to-drug interactions. None of the abovearrow_forward■ Which of the following is considered an innate immunity. Production of antibodies via B lymphocytes Killing virally infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocyte The protective action of lysozymes in tears and saliva [ All of the abovearrow_forwardAll of the following are true of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) EXCEPT: which option below is the answer? None of the other four answers (All are true statements about APCs) They can interact directly with lymphocytes They include macrophages and dendritic cells APCs by themselves cannot distinguish between different microbial antigens, remember them later, or respond specifically to them They are non-specific cells and they play no role in activating or triggering specific immune responsesarrow_forward
- The lymphatic system includes areas of high concentrations of APCs, T and B cells. has a pumping mechanism to move fluid. is very impermeable to extracellular fluid. collects fluid from around the brain and spinal cord. is the site of B and T cell clonal deletion.arrow_forwardDescribe the specific roles of helper, regulatory, and cytotoxic T cells in normal cellular immunity.arrow_forwardComplications arise when the immune system does not function properly. Some issues are less pervasive, such as pollen allergy, while others are extensive, such as genetic disorders that wipe out the presence or function of an entire set of immune cells. Immune Deficiencies Immune deficiencies may be temporary or permanent. Temporary immune deficiency can be caused by a variety of sources that weaken the immune system. Common infections, including influenza and mononucleosis, can suppress the immune system. When immune cells are the target of infection, severe immune suppression can occur. For example, HIV specifically infects T cells, and their elimination allows for secondary infections by other pathogens. Patients receiving chemotherapy, bone marrow transplants, or immunosuppressive drugs experience weakened immune systems until immune cell levels are restored. Pregnancy also suppresses the maternal immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections by common microbes. Primary…arrow_forward
- With the aid of diagrams, discuss the role of autoantibodies in three named autoimmune diseases, then discuss how four named monoclonal antibody therapies (biologics) have been used to treat patients with autoimmunity in 2000 words.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of non- specific (innate) resistance mechanisms interacting directly with specific acquired immunity mechanisms? Complement being activated by antigen- antibody binding Macrophages and dendritic cells presenting antigens to lymphocytes Antibodies binding to bacterial surface antigens, coating (opsonizing) the bacteria and enhancing their phagocytosis by leukocytes None of the other four answers (All are examples of interaction between innate and acquired resistance) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicityarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forward
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