Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 10, Problem 4RQ
What is sex linkage? In mammals, which sex would be most likely to show recessive sex-linked traits?
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what is Sex-Linked and Sexually Dimorphic Traitsin Humans?
we discuss various mechanisms of sex determination, including the XX/XY system of placental mammals, and the ZZ/ZW system of birds. Monotremes, the most primitive mammals, have a very intriguing sex determination scheme that shares elements of both of these systems.
Please use the internet to learn more about how sex in monotremes is determined. Then write a short essay (300-400 words) describing this system and comparing/contrasting it to the XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems.
Sex determination is different in birds and mammals. Describe how this difference in sex determination leads to a different probability of inheriting a sex-linked trait in male and female mammals versus birds.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 10 - Fill-in-the-Blank The physical position of a gene...Ch. 10 - Define nondisjunction, and describe common...Ch. 10 - In certain cattle, hair color can be red...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2GPCh. 10 - In the edible pea, tall (T) is dominant to short...Ch. 10 - In tomatoes, round fruit (R) is dominant to long...Ch. 10 - In the tomatoes of Problem 4, an F1 offspring...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6GPCh. 10 - In humans, one of the genes determining color...Ch. 10 - In the couple described in Problem 7, the woman...
Ch. 10 - An organism is described as Rr, with red coloring....Ch. 10 - 2. The inheritance of multiple traits depends on...Ch. 10 - Fill-in-the-Blank Many organisms, including...Ch. 10 - 4. Genes that are present on one sex chromosome...Ch. 10 - 5. When the phenotype of heterozygotes is...Ch. 10 - 1. Define the following terms: gene, allele,...Ch. 10 - 2. Explain why genes located on the same...Ch. 10 - 3. Define polygenic inheritance. Why does...Ch. 10 - What is sex linkage? In mammals, which sex would...Ch. 10 - What is the difference between a phenotype and a...Ch. 10 - 6. In the pedigree of part (a) of Figure 11–22, do...Ch. 10 - Sometimes the term gene is used rather casually....Ch. 10 - In an alternate universe, all the genes in all...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3AC
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- What is an example of a sex-linked trait in humans?arrow_forwardIf a white female mouse without spots is crossed to a gray male with brown spots, what proportion of their daughters would have the same phenotype as their mother? W = long whiskers (dominant) W'= black fur (incomplete dominance) w = short whiskers (recessive) W = white fur (incomplete dominance) E = long ears (dominant) e = short ears (recessive) S = presence of brown spots (dominant and sex-linked) s = absence of brown spots (recessive and sex-linked) The answer is none but i don't get how to set up the punnett square.arrow_forwardRed-green colorblindness in humans is recessive and x-linked. if a woman, heterozygous for colorblindness marries a colorblind man, what is the probability that they will have colorblind daughter? How would you distinguish a trait caused by a sex-linked recessive allele from one caused by a sex-influenced gene that is dominant?arrow_forward
- The inheritance of colour in domestic pigeons involves several genes. The dominance hierarchy of three colour alleles is ash-red > blue-black > brown (ZA > ZB > Zb ).These colours are carried on the Z sex chromosome. Unlike humans, female pigeons have two different sex chromosomes (Z and W) and males have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (ZZ). Which of the following statements is true for sex-linked traits in birds? Select one: a. Females can inherit an allele for a Z-linked trait only from their father, and males can inherit an allele for a Z-linked trait only from their mother. b. Males can inherit an allele for a Z-linked trait only from their mother, and females can inherit an allele for a Z-linked trait from either their mother or father. c. Both sexes can inherit an allele for a Z-linked trait from either their mother or father. d. Females can inherit an allele for a Z-linked trait only from their father, and males can inherit an allele for a Z-linked trait…arrow_forwardNLFN3, a gene in the X chromosome has been linked to Autism spectrum disorder ASD. Research has shown that the mutation R451C (represented by the allele X+) is recessive and causes ASD. Ear lobes in humans are coded by a single gene which displays simple dominance. E results in free earlobes, and e corresponds to attached earlobes. What is the probability of having a female offspring with ASD symptoms and attached earlobes from X+Y Ee and X+X ee parents? 25% O 100% 0% O 75% O 12.5% O 50%arrow_forwardA tortoiseshell cat, such as the cat pictured, is likely to be female. Why do tortoiseshell coats occur primarily in female cats? Testosterone suppresses the tortoiseshell gene in males, so tortoiseshell coats appear more often in females, who have less testosterone than males. Tortoiseshell coloring is an X-linked recessive trait, so females with two X chromosomes are more likely to express the trait than males. One of a female's two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell, so each cell may express different alleles. O The X chromosome is disabled in males, so a tortoiseshell coat, which is an X-linked recessive trait, does not occur in males.arrow_forward
- If a trait is X-linked dominant, who would express the trait? A) females homozygous for the dominant allele and males hemizygous for the recessive allele B) heterozygous females and males hemizygous for the dominant allele C) females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the recessive allele D) females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the dominant allele E) significantly more females than malesarrow_forwardCalico cats are almost invariably female. Why? (Hint: explain genotype and phenotype of calico females)arrow_forwardWhat are recessive conditions? What are dominant conditions? Why are recessive conditions more common than dominant ones?arrow_forward
- Describe genetic linkage. What is the role of location on a particular chromosome in determining if two traits are linked? Describe the role that blood antibodies play in determining which blood types can be transfused into a particular patient. Use several examples to support your assertions. Sex determination is different in birds and mammals. Describe how this difference in sex determination leads to the different probability of inheriting a sex-linked trait in male and female mammals versus birds.arrow_forwardTwo brown bears have cubs in late spring. The mother bear has the phenotype for long front claws. The mother bear has the genotype (Aa), while the father has the same genotype as the mother. A) What percentage of the offspring will have long claws?arrow_forwardA green salamander is mated with a white salamander. In the offspring, 49% of their abies are green and 51% of the babies are white. What is the genotype of the green salamander?arrow_forward
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