Which statement does NOT describe a general function of the pentose phosphate pathway? Group of answer choices The pentose phosphate pathway is used to produce NADPH for reductive biosynthesis in adipocytes. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the entry of dietary pentose intermediates into the glycolytic pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway produces reduced molecules whose electrons may be shuttled to the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the conversion of hexoses into pentoses that may be used as precursors in the synthesis of nucleosides.

Which statement does NOT describe a general function of the pentose phosphate pathway? Group of answer choices The pentose phosphate pathway is used to produce NADPH for reductive biosynthesis in adipocytes. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the entry of dietary pentose intermediates into the glycolytic pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway produces reduced molecules whose electrons may be shuttled to the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the conversion of hexoses into pentoses that may be used as precursors in the synthesis of nucleosides.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P: Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in...

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Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?
Activation of the fatty acid (converting it to fatty acyl-SCoA) requires the expenditure of 2 ATPs. Use your answers from parts B and C to calculate the total number of ATPs generated from the metabolism of a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms including both the citric acid cycle and the ββbeta-oxidation pathway as well as the initial ATP required to produce the acyl-SCoA molecule that starts the process. Express your answer as an integer.
Classify each reaction or process as one that decreases or replenishes the pool of oxaloacetate available for the activity of the citric acid cycle. Assume the reactions proceed in the forward direction. Decreases the oxaloacetate pool Replenishes the oxaloacetate pool Answer Bank reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxykinase reactions of gluconeogenesis reaction catalyzed by malic enzyme reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxylase reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase
ATP is an ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR of the phosphofructokinase enzyme, which is a key catalyst for one of the first steps of Glycolysis. Citrate (citric acid) is a 6-carbon product of the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle). Interestingly, Citrate enhances the inhibitory effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase. What is a likely explanation for the inhibitory effects of these molecules? Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be speeded up. Excess ATP and Citrate signal a positive feedback loop. Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be slowed. Excess ATP and Citrate compete for the active site of phosphofructokinase.
Consider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. 1. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles 2. Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced 3. Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) 4. Total number of ATP deducted 5. Total net ATP
Explain the purpose of the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle (Don’t worry about the mechanism, just the purpose of the shuttle. Just one sentence here!). Suppose a cell could only rely on the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle and not the malate-aspartate shuttle, how would that affect the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose in that cell? How would this change the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of palmitate in this cell?
Enzymes normally enhance the rates of biochemical reactions by preferentially binding and stabilizing the transition states rather than either the substrates or the products of a reaction. The F|-subunit of ATP synthase does not fit this norm so well as tight binding to ATP rather than a transition state is employed to make ATP. Explain the binding-change model of the mechanism of ATP-synthase. How and why is the proton-motive force used in the reaction cycle of ATP synthase?
(Biochemistry topics: Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport.) There is a reciprocal regulation of glycolytic and gluconeogenic reactions interconverting fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-biphosphate. Which one of the following statements about this regulation is not correct? This regulation allows control of the direction of net metabolite flow through the pathway. Fructose-2,6- bisphosphate activates phosphofructokinase-1. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction is exergonic. The PFK1 reaction is exergonic.
The large amount of energy used during aerobic exercise (e.g., running) requires large amounts of oxaloacetate. Explain why acetyl-CoA cannot be used to produce oxaloacetate in this circumstance. What is the likely source of oxaloacetate molecules during aerobic activity?
Taking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, how many substrate level phosphorylation events occur from a single molecule of glucose? 6 substrate level phosphorylation events 4 substrate level phosphorylation events 3 substrate level phosphorylation events 2 substrate level phosphorylation events None of the above answers are correct
upon digestion of starch maltose, one of its degradation products is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of maltose considering the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. question: 5. what is the total number of acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle
Fatty acid oxidation for energy yield occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and for palmitate as one example, generates [FADN2, NADH, and Acetyle-CoA or FADH, GTP, and NADPH] , all of which can be converted to ATP (108 of them to be exact) via oxidative phosphorylation. This is a [greater or smaller] yield of ATP per carbon atom compared to glucose. Ketogenesis is a process where acetyl-CoA (including that from breakdown of fatty acids) is converted to ketone bodies under conditions where carbohydrates are [in excess or liminting] . Acetoacetate and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate are delivered from liver to the blood stream where they provide energy for [cardiac and skeletal muscle as well as brain or synthesis of glycogen] . [Insulin or glucagon] promotes ketogenesis by stimulating fatty acid export from adipose tissue.