Q1. Horizontal Mergers with synergies The market inverse demand is given by P(Q) = 170 - Q. Initially, four firms, 1, 2, 3, and 4, have the symmetric constant marginal cost c = 20 and compete à la Cournot. There is no fixed cost. We will explore the impact of a merger between firms 1 and 2. The newly merged firm is called m. Following the merger, firm m's constant marginal cost reduces to cm = 20-x with 0 < x < 20 representing the synergy resulting from the merger. First, consider the market equilibrium prior to the merger. a. b. Write down the profit maximization for firm i, i = 1, 2, 3, 4. Write down the first-order condition for firm i. 1:1
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- Firms J and K produce compact-disc players and compete againstone another. Each firm can develop either an economy player (E)or a deluxe player (D). According to the best available marketresearch, the firms’ resulting profits are given by the accompanyingpayoff table.a. The firms make their decision independently, and each is seeking itsown maximum profit. Is it possible to make a confident predictionconcerning their actions and the outcome? Explain.Firm KE DE 30, 55 50, 60 Firm JD 40, 75 25, 50b. Suppose that firm J has a lead in development and so can move first.What action should J take, and what will be K’s response?c. What will be the outcome if firm K can move first?A10 Consider an industry with 2 firms, each firm with marginal costs equal to 0. Market demand curve is given by Q=60- P. With 2 firms, we can write Q=Q1+ Q2 . Suppose that each firm behaves as a “Cournot” competitor, that is, choose the optimal quantity maximizing the profits in a strategic way.(a) What would be the values of Q1, and Q2 in equilibrium? (b) Suppose firm 1 can “commit” its level of output in advance. In other words, if firm 1 announces to produce Q1, firm 2 needs to decide how much to produce assuming that firm 1 would indeed produce Q1. What’s the level of Q1 firm 1 would choose to maximize its profit?The following question pertains to ologopoly pricing. a. The following question pertaihs to dominant firm price leadership. Suppose a dominant firm has determined the price for its industry. Then suppose there is an increase in hte price of a substitute product. How will the dominant firm's price, dominant firm's quality, and the fringe firms' quality be affected? Please provide an explanation.
- Ouestions 2 Boeing and Airbus are duopoly competitors for airplanes. Let us assume that worldwide market demand for airplanes is given by p=10000 -5Q and that costs of production are identical for both manufacturers and specified as C(q) -2q Calcute market price and total quantity if a) Airbus and Boeing are in Cournot competation b) Airbus and Boeing are in Bertrand competationScenario: Madison Company is a large manufacturer and distributor of cake supplies. It is based in Chicago(Headquarters) and Trinidad. It sends supplies to firms throughout the United States and the UnitedKingdom. It markets its supplies through periodic mass mailings of catalogs to those firms. Itsclients can make orders over the phone and Madison ships the supplies upon demand.The main competition for Madison’s in the United States comes from one U.S. firm and oneCanadian firm. A British firm has a small share of the U.S. market but is at a disadvantagebecause of its distance. The British firm’s marketing and transportation costs in the U.S. marketare relatively high. Given that one-third of the company sales are exported to the United Kingdom and invoices forexports are in US dollars, the demand for its exports is highly sensitive to the value of the Britishpound. In order to maintain its inventory at a proper level, it must forecast the total demand for itsproducts which is…Consider a homogeneous-product Cournot ollgopoly of 3 firms with cost functions TC(a) = 24, Sup- pose that the Inverse demand function Is P(Q) = 30 - Q. (a) Solve for Cournot-Nash equilibrlum. (b) Firm 1 and Firm 2 merge Into Firm A. Solve for the new Cournot-Nash equilibrlum. Provide an Intultive explanation for the decrease In the combined profit of the merged firms.
- Suppose that in the market for cell phone service the number of competitors has dwindled until D & C Romer Net and Spa T. Wireless have become the only providers left in the nation. Seeking to boost their profits, the two companies secretly agree to a coordinated increase in their prices for cell phone minutes. This practice is known as a Nash equilibrium. O tying. collusion. antitrust. predatory pricing.Consider a simple monopolistic competition industry (many firms) in whicheach firm in the industry has one store. The store costs $200 per week andthe marginal cost is $10 per unit of output in addition to the fixed cost of the store. Hint: Mathematically this problem can be solved just like a monopoly problem. (a) If the typical the demand facing each individual firm is QD = 40−P eachweek, what price will a typical firm in this industry charge? (Hint: IfQD = 40 − P then P = 40 − QD and MR = 40 − 2QD). (b) Is the firm making a positive profit? What is the producer surplus? Whatis the profit after fixed costs? (c) Will new firms enter the market if demand stays the same and new firmsface the same demand and have the same costs? (d) In general, what is the long run profit of an average firm in a monopolistically competitive market.1. Best responses in a Cournot Oligopoly Firm A and Firm B sell identical goods Total market demand for the good is: The inverse demand function is therefore 1 P(QM) = 780 -Q=780 -0.02222QM 45 QM is total market production (i.e., combined production of firm's A and B. That is: Q(P) = 35, 100- 45P 2M = A +QB As a result, the inverse demand curve for each firm is: P(QA, QB) = 780- -1/32₁-752 45 Unlike the example in class, the two firms have different costs. = 4000A TCA (QA) TCB (QB) = 260QB = 780 -0.022220A -0.02222QB a. Using the demand function and the cost functions above, what is firm A's profit function. b. Using the profit function above and assuming that firm B produces Qg, calculate what firm A's best response is to firm B’s decision to produce QB- Note: Firm A's best response should be a function of B
- bok rint An oligopoly producing a homogeneous product is comprised of three firms that act like a cartel. Assume that these three firms have identical cost schedules. Assume also that if any one of these firms sets a price for the product, the other two firms charge the same price. As long as they all charge the same price they will share the market equally; and the quantity demanded of each will be the same. Below is the total-cost schedule of one of these firms and the demand schedule that confronts it when the other firms charge the same price as this firm. Complete the marginal-cost and marginal- revenue schedules facing the firm. erences Mc Graw Hill Output Total cost Marginal cost Price Quantity demanded Marginal revenue 0 1 23456 7 8 $0 180 300 480 720 1,020 1,380 1,800 2,280 Short Anewor LA JUL 26 $780 720 660 600 540 480 420 360 Toolbar navigation (a) What price would be charged, what output would be produced, and what profit would be made by this firm? (b) If the firms…In a Cournot oligopoly with N firms and identical marginal costs, what is the relationship between the price elasticity of market demand and that of the firm? Multiple Choice EM EF EM EN There is no deterministic relationship EM-NEFQUESTION 5 Consider the Cournot model of quantity competition. In the Nash equilibrium, firms always end up producing more than a monopolist would produce. O True O False