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Description: 1. Please tell me: What's a mutation in moleculer terms?2. When a mutation deletes a base in genomic DNA, how does it affect the expression product production and reading frame? 3. How does induction control enzyme synthesis using lactose operon?

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Biology

Please tell me: What's a mutation in moleculer terms? 2. When a mutation deletes a base in genomic DNA, how does it affect the expression product

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter16: Regulation Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11TYK: Discuss Concepts In a mutant strain of E. coli, the CAP protein is unable to combine with its target...

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1. How does induction control enzyme synthesis using lactose operon? 2. Describe how level of a key metabolite [tryptophane] controls the gene function using tryptophane operon
2) what is negative control of genes ? Does it need active form or inactive form of the repressor ? 3) What is role of RNA polymerase, operator and the repressor in repressible operon and inducible operons ? 4) How is eukaryotic gene expression different than bacterial gene expression ? 5) How does histone acetylation influence transcription ?
1. Draw a diagram of the lac operon. PO I+P+O+Z+Y+ I+P+OcZ+Y- I-P+O+Z+Y+ Lab section (circle): lacz gene lac Y gene lacA gene I+P+O+ZY/IPO+Z+Y- 2. The promoter (P) is the start site of transcription through the binding of RNA polymerase before actual mRNA production. Mutated promoters (P) cannot bind RNA polymerase, so no mRNA is made. In the table below, make predictions about the expression of ß-galactosidase and permease for different partial diploid (F') genotypes. Do this for E. coli growth on two different types of media - one without lactose, and one with. Use a to mark where there is no enzyme produced, and a + to mark where the enzyme is made. The first genotype has all wild-type alleles, and has been filled in as an example. Genotype IPOCZ+Y/I-P+O+Z-Y+ ISP+O+Z+Y/I+P+O+Z*Y* CR 1:00 Lactose absent B-galactosidase Permease R 3:-00 + R 6:30 Lactose present B-galactosidase F 10:00 Permease
Discuss Concepts In a mutant strain of E. coli, the CAP protein is unable to combine with its target region of the lac operon. How would you expect the mutation to affect transcription when cells of this strain are subjected to the following conditions? Lactose and glucose are both available. Lactose is available but glucose is not. Both lactose and glucose are unavailable.
24. What statement is NOT true regarding transcription attenuation of amino acid biosynthetic operons? 1.The leader peptide will contain multiple instances of the amino acid produced by the operon. 2.Transcription attenuation will always be accompanied by other positive or negative regulatory mechanisms. 3.Trancription will be reduced under conditions where concentration of the amino acid produced by the operon is high. 4.Synthesis of the leader peptide depends on the concentration of the aminoacylated tRNA, not the amino acid directly. 5.All of these statements are true.
5. There are four genes in the FAK operon. a. How many mRNAs are encoded by this operon? b. The FAK operon has a weak promoter, where RNA polymerase does not bind well. What type of molecule could directly help RNA polymerase to bind more tightly to this promoter? i. An inducer 6. Consider the Lac operon of E. coli, which is normally expressed only when lactose is present and glucose absent. You identify a mutant strain of bacteria in which Lacz, Lacy, and LacA, are expressed in the absence of glucose, whether or not lactose is present. a. ii. An activator iii. A promoter iv. A repressor v. A ligand C. Assume that one mutation causes this mis-regulation. Which interaction must be disrupted by this mutation? i. Interaction between RNA polymerase and the lac promoter ii. Interaction between Lacl protein and the lac operator (its binding site) Interaction between CRP and CAMP Interaction between CRP-CAMP (aka CAP) its binding site adjacent to lac operon Interaction between Lacl protein…
1. Utilizing lactose operon, how can we explain how induction controls enzyme synthesis 2. Use tryptophane operon and describe how levels of a key metabolite/tryptophane controls the gene function
2. The lac operon controls the inducible expression of genes involved in lactose utilization. Several naturally occurring mutations have been discovered that affect how the lac operon operates. Consider the following mutations: I-= a mutation in the repressor protein that cannot bind the operator Is = a mutation in the repressor protein that cannot be removed from the operator Oc= a mutation in the operator that cannot bind the repressor Detail the functionality of the lac operon with following genotypes and cellular conditions (Note if there is no superscript, there is no mutation) Genotype I, O I, OC IS, O I, O Is, Oc Lactose present No No Yes Yes No Repressed (yes/no) N VAS ves NO Constitutive (yes/no) NO NO YES Yes NO Inducible (yes/no) Yes yes NO NO YUS
3. Draw an anabolic operon with three biosynthetic genes for compound Q and a catabolic operon with two catabolic genes for compound R. Draw the operons in the repressed state --Include these components: Promoter, RNA polymerase, Operator, Repressor, Inducer or Corepressor, Biosynthesis genes or Catabolic genes. -- Indicate whether [Q] or [R] is low or high for each operon when it is repressed, and explain your reasoning. FYI: [NaCl] is read as the concentration of NaCl.
. a. How many ribosomes are required (at a minimum)for the translation of trpE and trpC from a singletranscript of the trp operon?b. How would you expect deletion of the two tryptophan codons in the RNA leader to affect theexpression of the trpE and trpC genes?
You decide to work on mutant strain 2. You introduce a wild-type operon into these mutant bacteria - i.e. an operons with fully functional regulatory and operon genes - to see if you can restore function. 5. When you add ethanol to these modified bacteria, the expression of genes C and D would be ( Select] 6. When you remove the ethanol, the expression of genes C and D would be ( Select )
4) Suppose you have an E. coli in which the gene that codes for the lac repressor protein has been mutated in such a way that the protein produced can bind to both lactose and DNA (at its specific binding site in the lac operon promoter) simultaneously. What effect, if any, would this have on regulation of expression of the lac operon? Briefly (1 sentence) explain why you would predict the effect or lack of effect this mutation would have.