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- 1. (a) Compare and contrast the cell wall in bacterial cells, fungal cells and plant cells. (b) Compare the modes of transmission of Amebiasis and Giardiasis.- In a paragraph explain a) What is resident flora? b)How might resident flora prevent infection AND cause infection?1.) (a) assuming that a sample of muscle tissue infected with trichina cysts has been sectioned at the thickness of 10 um and that there are 100 cysts in the section which measures 1x1 cm. Estimate the number of trichina cysts per cm3 of muscle tissue. (B) what assumptions are you making in this problem that need to be considered?
- 11. Explain how Clostridium tetani cells that rarely leave their initial site of infection can cause death in their hosts.2.- In a paragraph explain A) What is resident flora? B) How might resident flora prevent infection AND cause infection? (150 words) 3- In a paragraph describe Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself against infection. (150 words) 50 €Why would an antibiotic like amoxicillin be ineffective as a treatment for toxoplasmosis?
- 2. A 43-year-old immigrant from Thailand reports to a clinic with his 9-year-old son, who has had bloody diarrhea with mucus, stomach pain, and a fever for the past 24 hours. He reports that his son was healthy when they arrived in the United States a week prior to the start of his symptoms. Round protozoan cysts are subsequently microscopically identified in the boy's stool, Complete the table: Diagnosis Causative Agent Other diseases caused by this organism Mode of transmission (how did the patient likely acquire this disease) Best course of treatment/preventionWhich characteristic of pertussis 1S incorrect? A) O there are three stages of disease B) O ciliated cells in the trachea are rendered non-functional one stage of disease produces violent coughing fits D) Oa virus is the cause of the disease E) O it can be prevented by vaccination1 - Define the term pathogen. a) Using MRSA, NOROVIRUS, ATHLETES FOOT and MALARIA as examples, identify the microorganisms (causal agent) involved in each disease. b)Provide some information on the microorganism for each disease e.g. structure C) Discuss 3 routes of entry that disease causing organisms use to enter the body.
- 34) Which of the following fungal diseases involves an intracellular parasite that partially disables macrophages, allowing for spread beyond the lungs. A) Coccidioidomycosis C) Pneumocystis B) Blastomycosis D) Histoplasmosis 35) Of the following genetic material types seen in viruses, which genetic material type leads to rapid, almost immediate production of viral proteins, followed closely by replication of the genome leading to rapid synthesis of new viruses, which tends to overwhelm the host, as exemplified in a viral disease which causes more than 200,000 deaths of children worldwide each year. A) negative (-) strand single-stranded RNA B) double-stranded RNA D) positive (+) strand single-stranded RNA C) single-stranded DNAa. Explain why Trichomonas vaginalis is less likely to be transmittedby casual contact.b. What is meant by “ping-pong” infection, and why must both sexpartners be treated for trichomoniasis?a ) Describe the two types of fungal hypha. b) What are the major differences between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle.