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- A 44-year-old patient is hospitalized with complaints of severe abdominal pain. After the surgical opening of the abdominal cavity, swollen loops of the small intestine of black were found. The mesentery vessels have accumulations of thrombotic masses. Questions: 7. Give a splashful characterization of various types of cell death.1. At operation for removal of a suspicious mass, the lead surgeon suggested that, the mass could be a benign tumour. Give FIVE reasons why you think, the lead surgeon made that assertion. 2. Name FIVE mesenchymal tissues from which tumours can originate from, 3. In simple term, what is a sarcoma? 4. List FIVE common sarcomas you know. 5. List FIVE reasons that make lipoma a benign tumour. 6. How would you ensure that a suspected tumour is well preserved before it is processed and reported upon by the Pathologist. 7. List FOUR ways that a malignant tumour spreads? 8. What are tumour markers? What is the role of tumour markers in the management of tumours?A nuclear power plant employee, 20 years old, was entered the hospital with a diagnosis of "acute radiation sickness". In the analysis of blood, a decrease of all the blood elements was found. Questions: 1. What is the cause of the blood cell damage? 2. What other causes can lead to cell damage? 3. What mechanism of cell damage is the leading one in this case? 4. List the other possible mechanisms of cell damage. 5. Is it possible to restore the number of blood cells in this case? If so, how? 6. What compensatory mechanisms during cell damage do you know? 7. Indicate the principles of correction of cell damage.
- TRUE OR FALSE 1. A cell may revert back to its normal morphology and physiology after a pathologic adaptation 2. Apoptosis may be normal or pathological 3. Necrosis may be normal or pathologicalExplain the following statement in 4-6 lines 1. Premalignant (hyperplastic or dysplastic) cells are probably present in the organs of the body of a normal (not suffering from cancer) person. new answer pleaseA nuclear power plant employee, 20 years old, was entered the hospital with a diagnosis of "acute radiation sickness". In the analysis of blood, a decrease of all blood elements was found. Questions: 1. What is the cause of the blood cell damage? 2. What other causes can lead to cell damage? 3. What mechanism of cell damage is the leading one in this case?
- A 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had a sexual contact with his partner. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was critically low. HEMATOLOGY:Why is the CD4 count low? What might be the diagnosis of the patient?What additional hematology tests needed to confirm the diagnosis of the patient?A 62-year-old man who has had a worsening cough for several months now complains of dyspnea. He also has fatigue and has experienced a 15-lb weight loss. A chest radiograph shows hilar lymphadenopathy and a right lung mass. What other studies might be helpful in arriving at a definitive diagnosis? What are the risk factors for tumors of the lung?33. A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of scaling on her scalp, elbows, and knees. Examination of these areas shows silver-colored, well-demarcated plaques. A photomicrograph of a biopsy specimen of one of the plaques is shown. Which of the following best describes the epithelial changes seen in this biopsy specimen? psoriasis OA) Atrophy B) Dysplasia C) Hyperplasia D) Hypertrophy E) Metaplasia OF) Neoplasia
- A 62-year-old man who has had a worsening cough for several months now complains of dyspnea. He also has fatigue and has experienced a 15-lb weight loss. A chest radiograph shows hilar lymphadenopathy and a right lung mass. Questions What other studies might be helpful in arriving at a definitive diagnosis? What are the risk factors for tumors of the lung?A 44-year-old Caucasian woman has a small mole on her upper thigh. Her past history is negative for serious illness. She was hospitalized for the birth of her three children. She admits to being an “avid sun worshipper” and is noted to have very dark brown skin and some premature aging of the facial skin. 1. Considering the possible etiology of melanoma, what effect does the exposure to sunlight have on this form of cancer?2. Explain what the ABCDE features are that are associated with skin cancer.3. What instructions should the nurse give to the patient about monitoring the mole on her thigh and watching for other skin changes?4. What can the nurse recommend to the patient for self-care measures to prevent skin cancer?A 44-year-old Caucasian woman has a small mole on her upper thigh. Her past history is negative for serious illness. She was hospitalized for the birth of her three children. She admits to being an "avid sun worshipper" and is noted to have very dark brown skin and some premature aging of the facial skin. 1. Considering the possible etiology of melanoma, what effect does the exposure to sunlight have on this form of cancer? 2. Explain what the ABCDE features are that are associated with skin cancer. 3. What instructions should the nurse give to the patient about monitoring the mole on her thigh and watching for other skin changes? 4. What can the nurse recommend to the patient for self-care measures to prevent skin cancer?
