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- 1. The image below shows how the human body and the endocrine system controls the level of blood sugar. O Increase in blood glucose O Decrease in blood glucose PANCREAS PANCREAS O Glucagon secretion slows O Glucagon secretion increases O Insulin secretion slows Insulin secretion increases glucagon insulin glucagon insulin LIVER MUSCLE FAT CELLS LIVER O Body cells, especially in muscle and adipose tissue, take up and use more glucose. O Cells in liver break down glycogen faster. The released glucose monomers enter blood. Cells in skeletal muscle and liver store glucose in the form of glycogen. O Decrease in blood glucose O Increase in blood glucose (a) Explain how the cells communicate with one another. (b) Using the diagram above, describe the differences between positive and negative feedback. (c) The graph above shows a day in the life of A high school student's typical day consists of eating before 8:00 am, lunch at 12:00 pm, dinner at 6:00 pm, and an evening snack around 10:00 pm.…Which of the following statements is true about the well-fed state? O a. Liver glycogen is synthesized from polymerization of glucose. b. Mobilization of triacylglycerols from adipose provides fatty acids to be oxidized and precursors for ketone bodies. O C. Insulin decreases. d. Glucagon and epinephrine increase. O e. Synthesis of proteins and fat is inhibited.1.. Discuss how the inability to synthesize insulin and glucagon would impact lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism.
- 1. If obesity was purely related to the hormonal imbalance of these hunger/satiation hormones, what would we expect to see in obese individuals? What do we observe? 2. What is a common feature between food overconsumption, drug addiction, and dopamine receptor (D2) in certain individuals? Why is this significant for possible treatments? 3. Describe the drugs Belviq, and Rimonabant and their possible role in hunger control.1. Name two appetite-stimulating and two appetite-suppressing levels hormones. What brain region do these directly affect? 2. How do these hormones usually affect the release of endorphins and stimulation of other reward pathways in the brain? 3. What is the proposed mechanism of how fat/sugar/calorie dense foods override natural hunger control in some individuals?ribosc When a person fasts for days or weeks the body must compensate by changing proteins (muscle) and fats (adipose) into glucose. What is the name of this homeostatic process and what hormone stimulates this process? chin a celi? 40. rdoa A. glycogenolysis stimulated by insulin B. glucohydro-attenuation stimulated by adrenalin C. gluconeogenesis stimulated by cortisol D. carbo-redemtion stimulated by cortisol.
- Which of the following statements about the integration of fat and carbohydrate metabolism control is correct? a. High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle b. High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipogenesis in liver. c. Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes. d. Insulin-dependent glucose transporters are recruited to their functional membrane site when insulin levels are low23. inhibition of gluconeogenesis occurs when a. when the insulin level is low b. when the insulin level is high c. during prolonged starvation d. when the glucagon level is highThere is some evidence that high protein diets naturally suppress appetite. How might that effect weight loss?
- 6. The estimated energy need for a moderately active 16-year-old male is 2,800 kilocalories/day; for a moderately active 16-year-old female it is 2,000 kilocalories/day. It is recommended that intake of added sugars not exceed 62% of total daily kilocalorie intake. What is the recommended maximum number of calories you should intake from added sugars?Evidence from animal experiments and epidemiological studies indicates that the risk of obesity rises with increasedb isphenol-A (BPA) intake. How might the endocrine-disrupting effects of such a chemical influence body weight?1. In the lead-up to a marathon, runners often load their body with carbohydrates to ensure a constant supply of energy. Create a step by step flow chart to show how carbohydrate loading takes place in the lead up to a marathon. The role of insulin should be clearly included in the flow sequence. (AC 4.1). 2. Explain the link between carbohydrate loading and success in a marathon race. (AC4.1).